Inter- and intra-individual variation, and limited prognostic utility, of serum alkaline phosphatase in a trial of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

Palak J. Trivedi, Andrew J. Muir, Cynthia Levy, Christopher L. Bowlus, Michael Manns, Xiaomin Lu, Gerald Crans, Chuhan Chung, G. Mani Subramanian, Robert P. Myers, Zachary Goodman, Naga Chalasani, John M. Vierling, Indra Neil Guha, Gideon M. Hirschfield

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background & Aims: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score are used as endpoints in trials of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We aimed to quantify inter- and intra-individual variation in levels of ALP and the ELF score over time, and evaluated their association with fibrosis progression.

Methods: We analyzed data from 234 patients with large-duct PSC enrolled in a 2-year, phase 2b placebo-controlled trial of simtuzumab. Participants were assessed by laboratory tests every 4 weeks, and liver biopsies collected at time of screening, week 48, and week 96.

Results: Serum levels of ALP and ELF scores did not differ significantly between simtuzumab and placebo groups, so the data were pooled. Median per-patient variations in ALP between clinic visits were approximately 12% over 12 weeks, 20% over 48 weeks, and 20% over 96 weeks. Reductions, unrelated to study intervention, of more than 40% in ALP were observed in 10.9% of patients with baseline activity greater than 2-fold the upper limit of normal (ULN) and 12.5% of patients with more than 3-fold the ULN at 1 year. At 2 years, reductions of more than 40% in ALP were observed in 15.8% of patients with baseline activity greater than 2-fold the ULN and 17.9% of patients with more than 3-fold the ULN. Among the 209 patients with Ishak fibrosis stage 0–4 at baseline, serum levels of ALP did not associate with development of cirrhosis or with a 2-point increase in fibrosis stage at 2 years. The median per-patient variation in ELF scores between clinic visits was approximately 3% over 12 weeks, 4% over 48 weeks, and 4% over 96 weeks. Increased ELF scores at baseline and at weeks 12, 24 and 48, each associated with development of cirrhosis at 2 years (odds ratio >2.75; P < .01 for all timepoints). ELF scores at baseline and weeks 12, 24 and 48, also associated with a 2-point increase in fibrosis stage at 2 years (odds ratios all greater than 2; P < .01 for all timepoints).

Conclusions: In an analysis of data from patients with large-duct PSC enrolled in a prospective trial, we found large variations in serum levels of ALP, within and among patients. Serum levels of ALP did not associate with disease progression over a 2-year period. Variations in ELF score were smaller, and scores determined at multiple timepoints associated with fibrosis progression and development of cirrhosis.
Original languageEnglish
JournalClinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Volume2020
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 22 Jul 2020

Keywords

  • immune-mediated liver disease
  • Cholestasis
  • Biomarker
  • Prognostic Factor

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