TY - JOUR
T1 - In-depth comparison of morphology, microstructure, and pathway of char derived from sewage sludge and relevant model compounds
AU - Peng, Chuan
AU - Zhai, Yunbo
AU - Hornung, Andreas
AU - Wang, Bei
AU - Li, Shanhong
AU - Wang, Tengfei
AU - Li, Caiting
AU - Zhu, Yun
PY - 2020/2/1
Y1 - 2020/2/1
N2 - Hydrothermal conversion (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) and its relevant model compounds such as cellulose, glucose, lignin and soybean protein (substitute for protein) was experimentally conducted at moderate reaction temperature of 260 °C for 60 min. The structural properties, carbon-containing groups, and microstructure of the char were characterised by several techniques. The results revealed that more benzene rings were formed by small clusters and the C-O bond on Aryl-alkyl ether decomposed on the surface particles during the HTC process. In addition, the catalyst Zeolite Socony Mobil–5 (ZSM-5, Si/Al: 300) showed an excellent performance on the high graphite degree of the char under moderate reaction temperature of 260 °C. In particular, cellulose has the most dramatic influence on the depolymerisation of C-(C,H). As evidenced with SEM, the size of the char derived from SS with ZSM-5 catalyst is 10-15μm, which is smaller than the char without catalyst. A mechanism for derivation of char from individual model compounds is proposed. The end products of lignin are composed of polyaromatic char, while the composition of the char derived from protein suggests that polymerisation may occur during hydrothermal reaction leading to formation of structures with N-containing compounds.
AB - Hydrothermal conversion (HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) and its relevant model compounds such as cellulose, glucose, lignin and soybean protein (substitute for protein) was experimentally conducted at moderate reaction temperature of 260 °C for 60 min. The structural properties, carbon-containing groups, and microstructure of the char were characterised by several techniques. The results revealed that more benzene rings were formed by small clusters and the C-O bond on Aryl-alkyl ether decomposed on the surface particles during the HTC process. In addition, the catalyst Zeolite Socony Mobil–5 (ZSM-5, Si/Al: 300) showed an excellent performance on the high graphite degree of the char under moderate reaction temperature of 260 °C. In particular, cellulose has the most dramatic influence on the depolymerisation of C-(C,H). As evidenced with SEM, the size of the char derived from SS with ZSM-5 catalyst is 10-15μm, which is smaller than the char without catalyst. A mechanism for derivation of char from individual model compounds is proposed. The end products of lignin are composed of polyaromatic char, while the composition of the char derived from protein suggests that polymerisation may occur during hydrothermal reaction leading to formation of structures with N-containing compounds.
KW - sewage sludge
KW - model compounds
KW - char morphology
KW - char microstructure
KW - hydrothermal conversion
KW - reaction pathway
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074879006&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.007
DO - 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.007
M3 - Article
SN - 0956-053X
VL - 102
SP - 432
EP - 440
JO - Waste Management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology
JF - Waste Management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology
ER -