High-throughput miniaturized screening of nanoparticle formation via inkjet printing

The self-assembly of specific polymers into well-defined nanoparticles (NPs) is of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry as the resultant materials can act as drug delivery vehicles. In this work, a high-throughput method to screen the ability of polymers to self-assemble into NPs using a picoliter inkjet printer is presented. By dispensing polymer solutions in dimethyl sul-foxide (DMSO) from the printer into the wells of a 96-well plate, containing water as an antisolvent, 50 suspensions are screened for nanoparticle forma-tion rapidly using only nanoliters to microliters. A variety of polymer classes are used and in situ characterization of the submicroliter nanosuspensions shows that the particle size distributions match those of nanoparticles made from bulk suspensions. Dispensing organic polymer solutions into well plates via the printer is thus shown to be a reproducible and fast method for screening nanoparticle formation which uses two to three orders of magni-tude less material than conventional techniques. Finally, a pilot study for a high-throughput pipeline of nanoparticle production, physical property char-acterization, and cytocompatibility demonstrates the feasibility of the printing approach for screening of nanodrug delivery formulations. Nanoparticles are produced in the well plates, characterized for size and evaluated for effects on metabolic activity of lung cancer cells.