Abstract
Globally, rates of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are rising. We undertook a literature review, and present the temporal trends in blaCTX-M epidemiology, showing that blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-14 have displaced other genotypes in many parts of the world. Explanations for these changes can be attributed to: (i) horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of plasmids; (ii) successful Escherichia coli clones; (iii) ESBLs in food animals; (iv) the natural environment; and (v) human migration and access to basic sanitation. We also provide explanations for the changing epidemiology of blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-27. Modifiable anthropogenic factors, such as poor access to basic sanitary facilities, encourage the spread of blaCTX-M and other antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, such as blaNDM, blaKPC and mcr-1. We provide further justification for novel preventative and interventional strategies to reduce transmission of these AMR genes.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2145-2155 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy |
Volume | 72 |
Issue number | 8 |
Early online date | 25 May 2017 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Aug 2017 |
Keywords
- Animals
- Disease Transmission, Infectious
- Enterobacteriaceae/enzymology
- Enterobacteriaceae Infections/epidemiology
- Gene Transfer, Horizontal
- Genotype
- Global Health
- Humans
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Phylogeography
- Spatio-Temporal Analysis
- beta-Lactamases/genetics