TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic diversity in Puerto Rico and its implications for the peopling of the Island and the West Indies
AU - The Genographic Consortium
AU - Vilar, Miguel G.
AU - Melendez, Carlalynne
AU - Sanders, Akiva B.
AU - Walia, Akshay
AU - Gaieski, Jill B.
AU - Owings, Amanda C.
AU - Schurr, Theodore G.
AU - Adhikarla, Syama
AU - Adler, Christina J.
AU - Balanovska, Elena
AU - Balanovsky, Oleg
AU - Bertranpetit, Jaume
AU - Clarke, Andrew C.
AU - Comas, David
AU - Cooper, Alan
AU - Der Sarkissian, Clio S.I.
AU - GaneshPrasad, Arun Kumar
AU - Haak, Wolfgang
AU - Haber, Marc
AU - Hobbs, Angela
AU - Javed, Asif
AU - Jin, Li
AU - Kaplan, Matthew E.
AU - Li, Shilin
AU - Martínez-Cruz, Begoña
AU - Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth A.
AU - Melé, Marta
AU - Merchant, Nirav C.
AU - Mitchell, R. John
AU - Parida, Laxmi
AU - Pitchappan, Ramasamy
AU - Platt, Daniel E.
AU - Quintana-Murci, Lluis
AU - Renfrew, Colin
AU - Lacerda, Daniela R.
AU - Royyuru, Ajay K.
AU - Santos, Fabrício R.
AU - Soodyall, Himla
AU - Soria Hernanz, David F.
AU - Swamikrishnan, Pandikumar
AU - Tyler-Smith, Chris
AU - Santhakumari, Arun Varatharajan
AU - Vieira, Pedro Paulo
AU - Wells, R. Spencer
AU - Zalloua, Pierre A.
AU - Ziegle, Janet S.
PY - 2014/11
Y1 - 2014/11
N2 - Puerto Rico and the surrounding islands rest on the eastern fringe of the Caribbean's Greater Antilles, located less than 100 miles northwest of the Lesser Antilles. Puerto Ricans are genetic descendants of pre-Columbian peoples, as well as peoples of European and African descent through 500 years of migration to the island. To infer these patterns of pre-Columbian and historic peopling of the Caribbean, we characterized genetic diversity in 326 individuals from the southeastern region of Puerto Rico and the island municipality of Vieques. We sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of all of the samples and the complete mitogenomes of 12 of them to infer their putative place of origin. In addition, we genotyped 121 male samples for 25 Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism and 17 STR loci. Approximately 60% of the participants had indigenous mtDNA haplotypes (mostly from haplogroups A2 and C1), while 25% had African and 15% European haplotypes. Three A2 sublineages were unique to the Greater Antilles, one of which was similar to Mesoamerican types, while C1b haplogroups showed links to South America, suggesting that people reached the island from the two distinct continental source areas. However, none of the male participants had indigenous Y-chromosomes, with 85% of them instead being European/Mediterranean and 15% sub-Saharan African in origin. West Eurasian Y-chromosome short tandem repeat haplotypes were quite diverse and showed similarities to those observed in southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. These results attest to the distinct, yet equally complex, pasts for the male and female ancestors of modern day Puerto Ricans.
AB - Puerto Rico and the surrounding islands rest on the eastern fringe of the Caribbean's Greater Antilles, located less than 100 miles northwest of the Lesser Antilles. Puerto Ricans are genetic descendants of pre-Columbian peoples, as well as peoples of European and African descent through 500 years of migration to the island. To infer these patterns of pre-Columbian and historic peopling of the Caribbean, we characterized genetic diversity in 326 individuals from the southeastern region of Puerto Rico and the island municipality of Vieques. We sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of all of the samples and the complete mitogenomes of 12 of them to infer their putative place of origin. In addition, we genotyped 121 male samples for 25 Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism and 17 STR loci. Approximately 60% of the participants had indigenous mtDNA haplotypes (mostly from haplogroups A2 and C1), while 25% had African and 15% European haplotypes. Three A2 sublineages were unique to the Greater Antilles, one of which was similar to Mesoamerican types, while C1b haplogroups showed links to South America, suggesting that people reached the island from the two distinct continental source areas. However, none of the male participants had indigenous Y-chromosomes, with 85% of them instead being European/Mediterranean and 15% sub-Saharan African in origin. West Eurasian Y-chromosome short tandem repeat haplotypes were quite diverse and showed similarities to those observed in southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. These results attest to the distinct, yet equally complex, pasts for the male and female ancestors of modern day Puerto Ricans.
KW - Caribbean
KW - Haplogroup
KW - Haplotype
KW - Migration
KW - mtDNA
KW - Y-chromosome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84908153889&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ajpa.22569
DO - 10.1002/ajpa.22569
M3 - Article
C2 - 25043798
AN - SCOPUS:84908153889
SN - 0002-9483
VL - 155
SP - 352
EP - 368
JO - American Journal of Physical Anthropology
JF - American Journal of Physical Anthropology
IS - 3
ER -