TY - JOUR
T1 - Fruit consumption and the risk of bladder cancer
T2 - a pooled analysis by the BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants study
AU - Jochems, Sylvia
AU - Reulen, Raoul
AU - Van Osch, Frits
AU - Witlox, Willem J.A
AU - Goossens, Maria E
AU - Brinkman, Maree
AU - Giles, Graham G
AU - Milne, Roger L.
AU - van den Brandt, Piet A.
AU - White, Emily
AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete
AU - Huybrechts, Inge
AU - Hémon, Bertrand
AU - Agudo, Antonio
AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
AU - Cheng, KK
AU - van Schooten, Frederik J
AU - Bryan, Rik
AU - Wesselius, Anke
AU - Zeegers, Maurice
N1 - Funding Information:
Our study was partly funded by the World Cancer Research Fund.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 UICC
PY - 2020/10/15
Y1 - 2020/10/15
N2 - While the association between fruit consumption and bladder cancer risk has been extensively reported, studies have had inadequate statistical power to investigate associations between types of fruit and bladder cancer risk satisfactorily. Fruit consumption in relation to bladder cancer risk was investigated by pooling individual data from 13 cohort studies. Cox regression models with attained age as time scale were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for intakes of total fruit and each of citrus fruits, soft fruits, stone fruits, tropical fruits, pome fruits, and fruit products. Analyses were stratified by sex, smoking status, and bladder cancer subtype. During on average 11.2 years of follow-up, 2836 individuals developed incident bladder cancer. Increasing fruit consumption (by 100 gram/day) was inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer in women (HR=0.92; 95% CI 0.85-0.99). Although in women the association with fruit consumption was most evident for higher-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (HR=0.72; 95% CI 0.56 0.92), the test for heterogeneity by bladder cancer subtype was non-significant (p heterogeneity=0.14). Increasing fruit consumption (by 100 gram/day) was not associated with bladder cancer risk in men (HR=0.99; 95% CI 0.94-1.03), never smokers (HR=0.96; 95% CI 0.88-1.05), former smokers (HR=0.98; 95% CI 0.92 1.05), or current smokers (HR=0.95; 95% CI 0.89-1.01). The consumption of any type of fruit was not found to be associated with bladder cancer risk (p-values>0.05). This study supports no evidence that the consumption of specific types of fruit reduces the risk of bladder cancer. However, increasing fruit consumption may reduce bladder cancer risk in women
AB - While the association between fruit consumption and bladder cancer risk has been extensively reported, studies have had inadequate statistical power to investigate associations between types of fruit and bladder cancer risk satisfactorily. Fruit consumption in relation to bladder cancer risk was investigated by pooling individual data from 13 cohort studies. Cox regression models with attained age as time scale were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for intakes of total fruit and each of citrus fruits, soft fruits, stone fruits, tropical fruits, pome fruits, and fruit products. Analyses were stratified by sex, smoking status, and bladder cancer subtype. During on average 11.2 years of follow-up, 2836 individuals developed incident bladder cancer. Increasing fruit consumption (by 100 gram/day) was inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer in women (HR=0.92; 95% CI 0.85-0.99). Although in women the association with fruit consumption was most evident for higher-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (HR=0.72; 95% CI 0.56 0.92), the test for heterogeneity by bladder cancer subtype was non-significant (p heterogeneity=0.14). Increasing fruit consumption (by 100 gram/day) was not associated with bladder cancer risk in men (HR=0.99; 95% CI 0.94-1.03), never smokers (HR=0.96; 95% CI 0.88-1.05), former smokers (HR=0.98; 95% CI 0.92 1.05), or current smokers (HR=0.95; 95% CI 0.89-1.01). The consumption of any type of fruit was not found to be associated with bladder cancer risk (p-values>0.05). This study supports no evidence that the consumption of specific types of fruit reduces the risk of bladder cancer. However, increasing fruit consumption may reduce bladder cancer risk in women
KW - bladder cancer
KW - fruit
KW - pooled analysis
KW - prospective cohort
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85084213628&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ijc.33008
DO - 10.1002/ijc.33008
M3 - Article
SN - 0020-7136
VL - 147
SP - 2091
EP - 2100
JO - International Journal of Cancer
JF - International Journal of Cancer
IS - 8
ER -