Abstract
Objective: To summarise the evidence regarding the effectiveness of integrated care interventions in reducing hospital activity
Design: Umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Setting: Interventions must have delivered care crossing the boundary between at least two health and/or social care settings.
Participants: Adult patients with one or more chronic diseases
Data sources: Medline, Embase, ASSIA, PsycINFO, HMIC, CINAHL, Cochrane Library (HTA database, DARE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), EPPI-Centre, TRIP, HEED, manual screening of references.
Outcome measures: Any measure of hospital admission or readmission, length of stay, accident and emergency use, healthcare costs.
Results: 50 reviews were included. Interventions focused on case management (n=8), chronic care model (CCM) (n=9), discharge management (n=15), complex interventions (n=3), multidisciplinary teams (MDT) (n=10) and self-management (n=5). 29 reviews reported statistically significant improvements in at least one outcome. 11/21 reviews reported significantly reduced emergency admissions (15 to 50%); 11/24 showed significant reductions in all-cause (10 to 30%) or condition-specific (15 to 50%) readmissions; 9/16 reported length of stay reductions of 1 to 7 days, and 4/9 showed significantly lower A&E use (30 to 40%). 10/25 reviews reported significant cost reductions but provided little robust evidence. Effective interventions included discharge management with post-discharge support, MDT care with teams including condition-specific expertise, specialist nurses and/or pharmacists, and self-management as an adjunct to broader interventions. Interventions were most effective when targeting single conditions such as heart failure, and when care was provided in patients’ homes.
Conclusions: Although all outcomes showed some significant reductions, and a number of potentially effective interventions were found, interventions rarely demonstrated unequivocally positive effects. Despite the centrality of integrated care to current policy, questions remain about whether the magnitude of potentially achievable gains is enough to satisfy national targets for reductions in hospital activity.
Registration: The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42015016458).
Original language | English |
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Article number | e011952 |
Journal | BMJ open |
Volume | 6 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 22 Nov 2016 |
Keywords
- Umbrella review
- Review of reviews
- Integrated care
- Chronic disease
- Resource Use
- Hospital activity