Abstract
Objective: Low disease prevalence poses challenges for diagnostic accuracy studies because of the large sample sizes that are required in order to obtain sufficient precision. The aim is to collate and discuss designs of diagnostic accuracy studies suited for use in low prevalence situations.
Study design and setting: We conducted a literature search including backward citation tracking and expert consultation. Two reviewers independently selected studies on designs for estimating diagnostic accuracy in a low prevalence situation. During a one-day expert meeting, all designs were discussed and recommendations were formulated.
Results: We identified six designs for diagnostic accuracy studies that are suitable in low prevalence situations, because they reduced the total sample size or the number of patients undergoing the index test or reference standard depending on which poses the highest burden. We described the advantages and limitations of these designs and evaluated efficiencies in sample sizes, risk of bias and alignment with the clinical pathway for applicability in routine care.
Conclusion: Choosing a study design for diagnostic accuracy studies in low prevalence situations should depend on whether the aim is to limit the number of patients undergoing the index test or reference standard, and the risk of bias associated with a particular design type.
Keywords: diagnostic accuracy studies, low prevalence, primary care
Running title: Recommendations for diagnostic accuracy studies in low prevalence situations
Study design and setting: We conducted a literature search including backward citation tracking and expert consultation. Two reviewers independently selected studies on designs for estimating diagnostic accuracy in a low prevalence situation. During a one-day expert meeting, all designs were discussed and recommendations were formulated.
Results: We identified six designs for diagnostic accuracy studies that are suitable in low prevalence situations, because they reduced the total sample size or the number of patients undergoing the index test or reference standard depending on which poses the highest burden. We described the advantages and limitations of these designs and evaluated efficiencies in sample sizes, risk of bias and alignment with the clinical pathway for applicability in routine care.
Conclusion: Choosing a study design for diagnostic accuracy studies in low prevalence situations should depend on whether the aim is to limit the number of patients undergoing the index test or reference standard, and the risk of bias associated with a particular design type.
Keywords: diagnostic accuracy studies, low prevalence, primary care
Running title: Recommendations for diagnostic accuracy studies in low prevalence situations
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 38-48 |
Journal | Journal of Clinical Epidemiology |
Volume | 114 |
Early online date | 28 May 2019 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Oct 2019 |
Keywords
- diagnostic accuracy studies
- low prevalence
- primary care