Cytosine methylation at CpCpG sites triggers accumulation of non-CpG methylation in gene bodies
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Standard
Cytosine methylation at CpCpG sites triggers accumulation of non-CpG methylation in gene bodies. / Zabet, Nicolae Radu; Catoni, Marco; Prischi, Filippo; Paszkowski, Jerzy.
In: Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 45, No. 7, 20.04.2017, p. 3777-3784.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Harvard
APA
Vancouver
Author
Bibtex
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Cytosine methylation at CpCpG sites triggers accumulation of non-CpG methylation in gene bodies
AU - Zabet, Nicolae Radu
AU - Catoni, Marco
AU - Prischi, Filippo
AU - Paszkowski, Jerzy
N1 - © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.
PY - 2017/4/20
Y1 - 2017/4/20
N2 - Methylation of cytosine is an epigenetic mark involved in the regulation of transcription, usually associated with transcriptional repression. In mammals, methylated cytosines are found predominantly in CpGs but in plants non-CpG methylation (in the CpHpG or CpHpH contexts, where H is A, C or T) is also present and is associated with the transcriptional silencing of transposable elements. In addition, CpG methylation is found in coding regions of active genes. In the absence of the demethylase of lysine 9 of histone 3 (IBM1), a subset of body-methylated genes acquires non-CpG methylation. This was shown to alter their expression and affect plant development. It is not clear why only certain body-methylated genes gain non-CpG methylation in the absence of IBM1 and others do not. Here we describe a link between CpG methylation and the establishment of methylation in the CpHpG context that explains the two classes of body-methylated genes. We provide evidence that external cytosines of CpCpG sites can only be methylated when internal cytosines are methylated. CpCpG sites methylated in both cytosines promote spreading of methylation in the CpHpG context in genes protected by IBM1. In contrast, CpCpG sites remain unmethylated in IBM1-independent genes and do not promote spread of CpHpG methylation.
AB - Methylation of cytosine is an epigenetic mark involved in the regulation of transcription, usually associated with transcriptional repression. In mammals, methylated cytosines are found predominantly in CpGs but in plants non-CpG methylation (in the CpHpG or CpHpH contexts, where H is A, C or T) is also present and is associated with the transcriptional silencing of transposable elements. In addition, CpG methylation is found in coding regions of active genes. In the absence of the demethylase of lysine 9 of histone 3 (IBM1), a subset of body-methylated genes acquires non-CpG methylation. This was shown to alter their expression and affect plant development. It is not clear why only certain body-methylated genes gain non-CpG methylation in the absence of IBM1 and others do not. Here we describe a link between CpG methylation and the establishment of methylation in the CpHpG context that explains the two classes of body-methylated genes. We provide evidence that external cytosines of CpCpG sites can only be methylated when internal cytosines are methylated. CpCpG sites methylated in both cytosines promote spreading of methylation in the CpHpG context in genes protected by IBM1. In contrast, CpCpG sites remain unmethylated in IBM1-independent genes and do not promote spread of CpHpG methylation.
KW - Arabidopsis/genetics
KW - Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
KW - CpG Islands
KW - Cytosine/metabolism
KW - DNA Methylation
KW - Epigenesis, Genetic
KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
KW - Genes, Plant
KW - Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/genetics
U2 - 10.1093/nar/gkw1330
DO - 10.1093/nar/gkw1330
M3 - Article
C2 - 28053115
VL - 45
SP - 3777
EP - 3784
JO - Nucleic Acids Research
JF - Nucleic Acids Research
SN - 0305-1048
IS - 7
ER -