Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM _2.5 in urban areas of Xiangtan, central south China

TY - JOUR

T1 - Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM 2.5 in urban areas of Xiangtan, central south China

AU - Ma, Xiaoyao

AU - Xiao, Zhenghui

AU - He, Lizhi

AU - Shi, Zongbo

AU - Cao, Yunjiang

AU - Tian, Zhe

AU - Vu, Van Tuan

AU - Liu, Jisong

N1 - Ma, X.; Xiao, Z.; He, L.; Shi, Z.; Cao, Y.; Tian, Z.; Vu, T.; Liu, J. Chemical Composition and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Urban Areas of Xiangtan, Central South China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 539.

PY - 2019/2/13

Y1 - 2019/2/13

N2 - Xiangtan, South China, is characterized by year-round high relative humidity and very low wind speeds. To assess levels of PM 2.5, daily samples were collected from 2016 to 2017 at two urban sites. The mass concentrations of PM 2.5 were in the range of 30⁻217 µg/m³, with the highest concentrations in winter and the lowest in spring. Major water-soluble ions (WSIIs) and total carbon (TC) accounted for 58⁻59% and 21⁻24% of the PM 2.5 mass, respectively. Secondary inorganic ions (SO₄ 2-, NO₃ -, and NH₄⁺) dominated the WSIIs and accounted for 73% and 74% at the two sites. The concentrations of K, Fe, Al, Sb, Ca, Zn, Mg, Pb, Ba, As, and Mn in the PM 2.5 at the two sites were higher than 40 ng/m³, and decreased in the order of winter > autumn > spring. Enrichment factor analysis indicates that Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Tl, and Pb mainly originates from anthropogenic sources. Source apportionment analysis showed that secondary inorganic aerosols, vehicle exhaust, coal combustion and secondary aerosols, fugitive dust, industrial emissions, steel industry are the major sources of PM 2.5, contributing 25⁻27%, 21⁻22%, 19⁻21%, 16⁻18%, 6⁻9%, and 8⁻9% to PM 2.5 mass.

AB - Xiangtan, South China, is characterized by year-round high relative humidity and very low wind speeds. To assess levels of PM 2.5, daily samples were collected from 2016 to 2017 at two urban sites. The mass concentrations of PM 2.5 were in the range of 30⁻217 µg/m³, with the highest concentrations in winter and the lowest in spring. Major water-soluble ions (WSIIs) and total carbon (TC) accounted for 58⁻59% and 21⁻24% of the PM 2.5 mass, respectively. Secondary inorganic ions (SO₄ 2-, NO₃ -, and NH₄⁺) dominated the WSIIs and accounted for 73% and 74% at the two sites. The concentrations of K, Fe, Al, Sb, Ca, Zn, Mg, Pb, Ba, As, and Mn in the PM 2.5 at the two sites were higher than 40 ng/m³, and decreased in the order of winter > autumn > spring. Enrichment factor analysis indicates that Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Tl, and Pb mainly originates from anthropogenic sources. Source apportionment analysis showed that secondary inorganic aerosols, vehicle exhaust, coal combustion and secondary aerosols, fugitive dust, industrial emissions, steel industry are the major sources of PM 2.5, contributing 25⁻27%, 21⁻22%, 19⁻21%, 16⁻18%, 6⁻9%, and 8⁻9% to PM 2.5 mass.

KW - Chemical components

KW - PM2.5

KW - Positive matrix factorization (PMF)

KW - Source apportionment

KW - Xiangtan City

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061860183&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/ijerph16040539

DO - 10.3390/ijerph16040539

M3 - Article

C2 - 30781834

AN - SCOPUS:85061860183

VL - 16

JO - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

SN - 1661-7827

IS - 4

M1 - 539

ER -