Bearing capacity of tall monopile towers under environments loading

Offshore wind energy is a rapidly maturing renewable energy technology that is poised to play an important role in future energy systems. The respective advances refer among others to the monopile foundation that is frequently used to support wind turbines in the marine environment. In the present research paper, the structural response of tall wind energy converters with various stiffening schemes is studied during the erection phase as the latter are manufactured in modules that are assembled in situ. Rings, vertical stiffeners, T-shaped stiffeners and orthogonal stiffeners are considered efficient stiffening schemes to strengthen the tower structures. The loading bearing capacity of offshore monopile wind turbine towers with the four types of stiffeners were modeled numerically by means of finite elements. Applying a nonlinear buckling analysis, the ultimate bearing capacity of wind turbine towers with four standard stiffening schemes were compared in order to obtain the optimum stiffening option.