@article{ca3ca5cb5716451298fbf25fa1c79295,
title = "Assessment of high-throughput high-resolution MALDI-TOF-MS of urinary peptides for the detection of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.",
abstract = "Purpose: There is a need for better biomarkers to both detect bladder cancer and distinguish muscle-invasive (stage T2+) from non-invasive (stage Ta/T1) disease. We assess whether MALDI-TOF-MS of the urine peptidome can achieve this. Experimental design: We analysed urine from 751 patients with bladder cancer and 127 patients without bladder cancer. Endogenous peptide profiling was performed using a Bruker Ultraflextreme MALDI-TOF-MS. Results: Significant differences were seen between the spectra of urine from patients with and without T2+ disease. Albumin, total protein and haematuria were also elevated in T2+ patients. Haematuria was detected in 39% of patients with Ta/T1 disease and in 77% of patients with T2+ disease. Class prediction models based on MALDI data produced areas under receiver-operator characteristic curves of up to 0.76 but did not significantly outperform a model based on total protein alone. Many peptides significantly associated with invasive disease are fragments of abundant blood proteins and are also associated with haematuria. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Microscopic haematuria is strongly associated with invasive disease; even traces of blood/plasma strongly influence the urinary peptidome. This needs to be taken into consideration when using 'omic' methods to search for urinary biomarkers as blood proteins may give false-positive results.",
author = "Richard Bryan and Wenbin Wei and Neil Shimwell and Stuart Collins and Syed Hussain and Lucinda Billingham and Paul Murray and N Deshmukh and Nicholas James and DM Wallace and Philip Johnson and Maurice Zeegers and Kar Cheng and Ashley Martin and Douglas Ward",
year = "2011",
month = oct,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/prca.201100011",
language = "English",
volume = "5",
pages = "493--503",
journal = "Proteomics. Clinical applications",
issn = "1862-8354",
publisher = "Wiley",
number = "9-10",
}