A review of the factors that can influence the effectiveness of sexual offender treatment: Risk, need, responsivity, and process issues

The aim of this paper is to review various factors that may affect the effectiveness of sex offender treatment. First, attention to risk level is discussed as an important factor in terms of ensuring that treatment is administered according to the level of an offender's problems and that treatment addresses criminogenic needs. Second, a number of responsivity/intra-individual characteristics (e.g., psychopathy, motivation, and locus of control), which may influence treatment outcome, are examined. Third, the importance of considering process issues, such as the therapeutic climate of the group, the composition of the group, and therapist characteristics is discussed. Finally, suggestions for future research and for optimizing the effectiveness of sex offender treatment are provided. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.