TY - JOUR
T1 - A feasibility study on microwave imaging of bone for osteoporosis monitoring
AU - Amin, Bilal
AU - Shahzad, Atif
AU - Crocco, Lorenzo
AU - Wang, Mengchu
AU - O'Halloran, Martin
AU - González-Suárez, Ana
AU - Elahi, Muhammad Adnan
PY - 2021/4
Y1 - 2021/4
N2 - The dielectric properties of bones are found to be influenced by the demineralisation of bones. Therefore, microwave imaging (MWI) can be used to monitor in vivo dielectric properties of human bones and hence aid in the monitoring of osteoporosis. This paper presents the feasibility analysis of the MWI device for monitoring osteoporosis. Firstly, the dielectric properties of tissues present in the human heel are analysed. Secondly, a transmission line (TL) formalism approach is adopted to examine the feasible frequency band and the matching medium for MWI of trabecular bone. Finally, simplified numerical modelling of the human heel was set to monitor the penetration of E-field, the received signal strength, and the power loss in a numerical model of the human heel. Based on the TL formalism approach, 0.6-1.9-GHz frequency band is found to feasible for bone imaging purpose. The relative permittivity of the matching medium can be chosen between 15 and 40. The average percentage difference between the received signal for feasible and inconvenient frequency band was found to be 82%. The findings based on the dielectric contrast of tissues in the heel, the feasible frequency band, and the finite difference time domain simulations support the development of an MWI prototype for monitoring osteoporosis.
AB - The dielectric properties of bones are found to be influenced by the demineralisation of bones. Therefore, microwave imaging (MWI) can be used to monitor in vivo dielectric properties of human bones and hence aid in the monitoring of osteoporosis. This paper presents the feasibility analysis of the MWI device for monitoring osteoporosis. Firstly, the dielectric properties of tissues present in the human heel are analysed. Secondly, a transmission line (TL) formalism approach is adopted to examine the feasible frequency band and the matching medium for MWI of trabecular bone. Finally, simplified numerical modelling of the human heel was set to monitor the penetration of E-field, the received signal strength, and the power loss in a numerical model of the human heel. Based on the TL formalism approach, 0.6-1.9-GHz frequency band is found to feasible for bone imaging purpose. The relative permittivity of the matching medium can be chosen between 15 and 40. The average percentage difference between the received signal for feasible and inconvenient frequency band was found to be 82%. The findings based on the dielectric contrast of tissues in the heel, the feasible frequency band, and the finite difference time domain simulations support the development of an MWI prototype for monitoring osteoporosis.
KW - Dielectric properties
KW - Feasible frequency band
KW - Microwave imaging
KW - Numerical modelling
KW - Osteoporosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103375072&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11517-021-02344-8
DO - 10.1007/s11517-021-02344-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 33783696
SN - 0140-0118
VL - 59
SP - 925
EP - 936
JO - Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
JF - Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing
IS - 4
ER -