A 2-Categorical Approach to Composing Quantum Structures

We present an infinite number of construction schemes for quantum structures, including unitary error bases, Hadamard matrices, quantum Latin squares and controlled families, many of which have not previously been described. Our results rely on the type structure of biunitary connections, 2-categorical structures which play a central role in the theory of planar algebras. They
have an attractive graphical calculus which allows simple correctness proofs for the constructions we present. We apply these techniques to construct a unitary error basis that cannot be built using any previously known method.