TY - JOUR
T1 - Utilizing Immunoinformatics for mRNA Vaccine Design against Influenza D Virus
AU - Oladipo, Elijah Kolawole
AU - Adeyemo, Stephen Feranmi
AU - Akinboade, Modinat Wuraola
AU - Akinleye, Temitope Michael
AU - Siyanbola, Kehinde Favour
AU - Adeogun, Precious Ayomide
AU - Ogunfidodo, Victor Michael
AU - Adekunle, Christiana Adewumi
AU - Elutade, Olubunmi Ayobami
AU - Omoathebu, Esther Eghogho
AU - Taiwo, Blessing Oluwatunmise
AU - Akindiya, Elizabeth Olawumi
AU - Ochola, Lucy
AU - Onyeaka, Helen
A2 - Lefranc, Marie-Paule
A2 - Wittig, Burghardt
PY - 2024/6/12
Y1 - 2024/6/12
N2 - Background: Influenza D Virus (IDV) presents a possible threat to animal and human health, necessitating the development of effective vaccines. Although no human illness linked to IDV has been reported, the possibility of human susceptibility to infection remains uncertain. Hence, there is a need for an animal vaccine to be designed. Such a vaccine will contribute to preventing and controlling IDV outbreaks and developing effective countermeasures against this emerging pathogen. This study, therefore, aimed to design an mRNA vaccine construct against IDV using immunoinformatic methods and evaluate its potential efficacy. Methods: A comprehensive methodology involving epitope prediction, vaccine construction, and structural analysis was employed. Viral sequences from six continents were collected and analyzed. A total of 88 Hemagglutinin Esterase Fusion (HEF) sequences from IDV isolates were obtained, of which 76 were identified as antigenic. Different bioinformatics tools were used to identify preferred CTL, HTL, and B-cell epitopes. The epitopes underwent thorough analysis, and those that can induce a lasting immunological response were selected for the construction. Results: The vaccine prototype comprised nine epitopes, an adjuvant, MHC I-targeting domain (MITD), Kozaq, 3′ UTR, 5′ UTR, and specific linkers. The mRNA vaccine construct exhibited antigenicity, non-toxicity, and non-allergenicity, with favourable physicochemical properties. The secondary and tertiary structure analyses revealed a stable and accurate vaccine construct. Molecular docking simulations also demonstrated strong binding affinity with toll-like receptors. Conclusions: The study provides a promising framework for developing an effective mRNA vaccine against IDV, highlighting its potential for mitigating the global impact of this viral infection. Further experimental studies are needed to confirm the vaccine’s efficacy and safety.
AB - Background: Influenza D Virus (IDV) presents a possible threat to animal and human health, necessitating the development of effective vaccines. Although no human illness linked to IDV has been reported, the possibility of human susceptibility to infection remains uncertain. Hence, there is a need for an animal vaccine to be designed. Such a vaccine will contribute to preventing and controlling IDV outbreaks and developing effective countermeasures against this emerging pathogen. This study, therefore, aimed to design an mRNA vaccine construct against IDV using immunoinformatic methods and evaluate its potential efficacy. Methods: A comprehensive methodology involving epitope prediction, vaccine construction, and structural analysis was employed. Viral sequences from six continents were collected and analyzed. A total of 88 Hemagglutinin Esterase Fusion (HEF) sequences from IDV isolates were obtained, of which 76 were identified as antigenic. Different bioinformatics tools were used to identify preferred CTL, HTL, and B-cell epitopes. The epitopes underwent thorough analysis, and those that can induce a lasting immunological response were selected for the construction. Results: The vaccine prototype comprised nine epitopes, an adjuvant, MHC I-targeting domain (MITD), Kozaq, 3′ UTR, 5′ UTR, and specific linkers. The mRNA vaccine construct exhibited antigenicity, non-toxicity, and non-allergenicity, with favourable physicochemical properties. The secondary and tertiary structure analyses revealed a stable and accurate vaccine construct. Molecular docking simulations also demonstrated strong binding affinity with toll-like receptors. Conclusions: The study provides a promising framework for developing an effective mRNA vaccine against IDV, highlighting its potential for mitigating the global impact of this viral infection. Further experimental studies are needed to confirm the vaccine’s efficacy and safety.
KW - immunogenic
KW - lymphocytes
KW - zoonotic
KW - adjuvant
KW - Influenza D virus
U2 - 10.3390/biomedinformatics4020086
DO - 10.3390/biomedinformatics4020086
M3 - Article
SN - 2673-7426
VL - 4
SP - 1572
EP - 1588
JO - BioMedInformatics
JF - BioMedInformatics
IS - 2
ER -
