TOI-1231 b: a temperate, Neptune-sized planet transiting the nearby M3 dwarf NLTT 24399

Jennifer A. Burt; Diana Dragomir; Paul Mollière; Allison Youngblood; Antonio García Muñoz; John McCann; Laura Kreidberg; Chelsea X. Huang; Karen A. Collins; Jason D. Eastman; Lyu Abe; Jose M. Almenara; Ian J. M. Crossfield; Carl Ziegler; Joseph E. Rodriguez; Eric E. Mamajek; Keivan G. Stassun; Samuel P. Halverson; Steven Jr Villanueva; R. Paul Butler; Sharon Xuesong Wang; Richard P. Schwarz; George R. Ricker; Roland Vanderspek; David W. Latham; S. Seager; Joshua N. Winn; Jon M. Jenkins; Abdelkrim Agabi; Xavier Bonfils; David Ciardi; Marion Cointepas; Jeffrey D. Crane; Nicolas Crouzet; Georgina Dransfield; Fabo Feng; Elise Furlan; Tristan Guillot; Arvind F. Gupta; Steve B. Howell; Eric L. N. Jensen; Nicholas Law; Andrew W. Mann; Wenceslas Marie-Sainte; Rachel A. Matson; Elisabeth C. Matthews; Djamel Mékarnia; Joshua Pepper; Nic Scott; Stephen A. Shectman; Joshua E. Schlieder; François-Xavier Schmider; Daniel J. Stevens; Johanna K. Teske; Amaury H. M. J. Triaud; David Charbonneau; Zachory K. Berta-Thompson; Christopher J. Burke; Tansu Daylan; Thomas Barclay; Bill Wohler; C. E. Brasseur

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac0432

TOI-1231 b: a temperate, Neptune-sized planet transiting the nearby M3 dwarf NLTT 24399

Jennifer A. Burt, Diana Dragomir, Paul Mollière, Allison Youngblood, Antonio García Muñoz, John McCann, Laura Kreidberg, Chelsea X. Huang, Karen A. Collins, Jason D. Eastman, Lyu Abe, Jose M. Almenara, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Carl Ziegler, Joseph E. Rodriguez, Eric E. Mamajek, Keivan G. Stassun, Samuel P. Halverson, Steven Jr Villanueva, R. Paul ButlerSharon Xuesong Wang, Richard P. Schwarz, George R. Ricker, Roland Vanderspek, David W. Latham, S. Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, Abdelkrim Agabi, Xavier Bonfils, David Ciardi, Marion Cointepas, Jeffrey D. Crane, Nicolas Crouzet, Georgina Dransfield, Fabo Feng, Elise Furlan, Tristan Guillot, Arvind F. Gupta, Steve B. Howell, Eric L. N. Jensen, Nicholas Law, Andrew W. Mann, Wenceslas Marie-Sainte, Rachel A. Matson, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Djamel Mékarnia, Joshua Pepper, Nic Scott, Stephen A. Shectman, Joshua E. Schlieder, François-Xavier Schmider, Daniel J. Stevens, Johanna K. Teske, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, David Charbonneau, Zachory K. Berta-Thompson, Christopher J. Burke, Tansu Daylan, Thomas Barclay, Bill Wohler, C. E. Brasseur

Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

We report the discovery of a transiting, temperate, Neptune-sized exoplanet orbiting the nearby (d = 27.5 pc), M3V star TOI-1231 (NLTT 24399, L 248-27, 2MASS J10265947-5228099). The planet was detected using photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and followed up with observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory and the Antarctica Search for Transiting ExoPlanets program. Combining the photometric data sets, we find that the newly discovered planet has a radius of 3.65_-0.15^+0.16R_⊕ and an orbital period of 24.246 days. Radial velocity measurements obtained with the Planet Finder Spectrograph on the Magellan Clay telescope confirm the existence of the planet and lead to a mass measurement of 15.5 ± 3.3 M_⊕. With an equilibrium temperature of just 330 K, TOI-1231 b is one of the coolest small planets accessible for atmospheric studies thus far, and its host star's bright near-infrared brightness (J = 8.88, K_s = 8.07) makes it an exciting target for the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope. Future atmospheric observations would enable the first comparative planetology efforts in the 250–350 K temperature regime via comparisons with K2-18 b. Furthermore, TOI-1231's high systemic radial velocity (70.5 km s⁻¹) may allow for the detection of low-velocity hydrogen atoms escaping the planet by Doppler, shifting the H i Lyα stellar emission away from the geocoronal and interstellar medium absorption features.

Original language	English
Article number	87
Number of pages	15
Journal	The Astronomical Journal
Volume	162
Issue number	3
Early online date	3 Aug 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac0432
Publication status	Published - Sept 2021

Keywords

Exoplanet astronomy
Mini Neptunes
Radial velocity
Transit photometry
astro-ph.EP

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Burt, J. A., Dragomir, D., Mollière, P., Youngblood, A., Muñoz, A. G., McCann, J., Kreidberg, L., Huang, C. X., Collins, K. A., Eastman, J. D., Abe, L., Almenara, J. M., Crossfield, I. J. M., Ziegler, C., Rodriguez, J. E., Mamajek, E. E., Stassun, K. G., Halverson, S. P., Villanueva, S. J., ... Brasseur, C. E. (2021). TOI-1231 b: a temperate, Neptune-sized planet transiting the nearby M3 dwarf NLTT 24399. The Astronomical Journal, 162(3), Article 87. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac0432

@article{9a0ff88f056344839359edaf67189eb9,

title = "TOI-1231 b: a temperate, Neptune-sized planet transiting the nearby M3 dwarf NLTT 24399",

abstract = "We report the discovery of a transiting, temperate, Neptune-sized exoplanet orbiting the nearby (d = 27.5 pc), M3V star TOI-1231 (NLTT 24399, L 248-27, 2MASS J10265947-5228099). The planet was detected using photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and followed up with observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory and the Antarctica Search for Transiting ExoPlanets program. Combining the photometric data sets, we find that the newly discovered planet has a radius of 3.65-0.15+0.16 R⊕ and an orbital period of 24.246 days. Radial velocity measurements obtained with the Planet Finder Spectrograph on the Magellan Clay telescope confirm the existence of the planet and lead to a mass measurement of 15.5 ± 3.3 M⊕. With an equilibrium temperature of just 330 K, TOI-1231 b is one of the coolest small planets accessible for atmospheric studies thus far, and its host star's bright near-infrared brightness (J = 8.88, Ks = 8.07) makes it an exciting target for the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope. Future atmospheric observations would enable the first comparative planetology efforts in the 250–350 K temperature regime via comparisons with K2-18 b. Furthermore, TOI-1231's high systemic radial velocity (70.5 km s−1) may allow for the detection of low-velocity hydrogen atoms escaping the planet by Doppler, shifting the H i Lyα stellar emission away from the geocoronal and interstellar medium absorption features.",

keywords = "Exoplanet astronomy, Mini Neptunes, Radial velocity, Transit photometry, astro-ph.EP",

author = "Burt, {Jennifer A.} and Diana Dragomir and Paul Molli{\`e}re and Allison Youngblood and Mu{\~n}oz, {Antonio Garc{\'i}a} and John McCann and Laura Kreidberg and Huang, {Chelsea X.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Eastman, {Jason D.} and Lyu Abe and Almenara, {Jose M.} and Crossfield, {Ian J. M.} and Carl Ziegler and Rodriguez, {Joseph E.} and Mamajek, {Eric E.} and Stassun, {Keivan G.} and Halverson, {Samuel P.} and Villanueva, {Steven Jr} and Butler, {R. Paul} and Wang, {Sharon Xuesong} and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Ricker, {George R.} and Roland Vanderspek and Latham, {David W.} and S. Seager and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Abdelkrim Agabi and Xavier Bonfils and David Ciardi and Marion Cointepas and Crane, {Jeffrey D.} and Nicolas Crouzet and Georgina Dransfield and Fabo Feng and Elise Furlan and Tristan Guillot and Gupta, {Arvind F.} and Howell, {Steve B.} and Jensen, {Eric L. N.} and Nicholas Law and Mann, {Andrew W.} and Wenceslas Marie-Sainte and Matson, {Rachel A.} and Matthews, {Elisabeth C.} and Djamel M{\'e}karnia and Joshua Pepper and Nic Scott and Shectman, {Stephen A.} and Schlieder, {Joshua E.} and Fran{\c c}ois-Xavier Schmider and Stevens, {Daniel J.} and Teske, {Johanna K.} and Triaud, {Amaury H. M. J.} and David Charbonneau and Berta-Thompson, {Zachory K.} and Burke, {Christopher J.} and Tansu Daylan and Thomas Barclay and Bill Wohler and Brasseur, {C. E.}",

year = "2021",

month = sep,

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ac0432",

language = "English",

volume = "162",

journal = "The Astronomical Journal",

issn = "1538-3881",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "3",

}

Burt, JA, Dragomir, D, Mollière, P, Youngblood, A, Muñoz, AG, McCann, J, Kreidberg, L, Huang, CX, Collins, KA, Eastman, JD, Abe, L, Almenara, JM, Crossfield, IJM, Ziegler, C, Rodriguez, JE, Mamajek, EE, Stassun, KG, Halverson, SP, Villanueva, SJ, Butler, RP, Wang, SX, Schwarz, RP, Ricker, GR, Vanderspek, R, Latham, DW, Seager, S, Winn, JN, Jenkins, JM, Agabi, A, Bonfils, X, Ciardi, D, Cointepas, M, Crane, JD, Crouzet, N, Dransfield, G, Feng, F, Furlan, E, Guillot, T, Gupta, AF, Howell, SB, Jensen, ELN, Law, N, Mann, AW, Marie-Sainte, W, Matson, RA, Matthews, EC, Mékarnia, D, Pepper, J, Scott, N, Shectman, SA, Schlieder, JE, Schmider, F-X, Stevens, DJ, Teske, JK, Triaud, AHMJ, Charbonneau, D, Berta-Thompson, ZK, Burke, CJ, Daylan, T, Barclay, T, Wohler, B & Brasseur, CE 2021, 'TOI-1231 b: a temperate, Neptune-sized planet transiting the nearby M3 dwarf NLTT 24399', The Astronomical Journal, vol. 162, no. 3, 87. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac0432

TY - JOUR

T1 - TOI-1231 b

T2 - a temperate, Neptune-sized planet transiting the nearby M3 dwarf NLTT 24399

AU - Burt, Jennifer A.

AU - Dragomir, Diana

AU - Mollière, Paul

AU - Youngblood, Allison

AU - Muñoz, Antonio García

AU - McCann, John

AU - Kreidberg, Laura

AU - Huang, Chelsea X.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Eastman, Jason D.

AU - Abe, Lyu

AU - Almenara, Jose M.

AU - Crossfield, Ian J. M.

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Rodriguez, Joseph E.

AU - Mamajek, Eric E.

AU - Stassun, Keivan G.

AU - Halverson, Samuel P.

AU - Villanueva, Steven Jr

AU - Butler, R. Paul

AU - Wang, Sharon Xuesong

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Ricker, George R.

AU - Vanderspek, Roland

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Seager, S.

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Agabi, Abdelkrim

AU - Bonfils, Xavier

AU - Ciardi, David

AU - Cointepas, Marion

AU - Crane, Jeffrey D.

AU - Crouzet, Nicolas

AU - Dransfield, Georgina

AU - Feng, Fabo

AU - Furlan, Elise

AU - Guillot, Tristan

AU - Gupta, Arvind F.

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Jensen, Eric L. N.

AU - Law, Nicholas

AU - Mann, Andrew W.

AU - Marie-Sainte, Wenceslas

AU - Matson, Rachel A.

AU - Matthews, Elisabeth C.

AU - Mékarnia, Djamel

AU - Pepper, Joshua

AU - Scott, Nic

AU - Shectman, Stephen A.

AU - Schlieder, Joshua E.

AU - Schmider, François-Xavier

AU - Stevens, Daniel J.

AU - Teske, Johanna K.

AU - Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.

AU - Charbonneau, David

AU - Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.

AU - Burke, Christopher J.

AU - Daylan, Tansu

AU - Barclay, Thomas

AU - Wohler, Bill

AU - Brasseur, C. E.

PY - 2021/9

Y1 - 2021/9

N2 - We report the discovery of a transiting, temperate, Neptune-sized exoplanet orbiting the nearby (d = 27.5 pc), M3V star TOI-1231 (NLTT 24399, L 248-27, 2MASS J10265947-5228099). The planet was detected using photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and followed up with observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory and the Antarctica Search for Transiting ExoPlanets program. Combining the photometric data sets, we find that the newly discovered planet has a radius of 3.65-0.15+0.16 R⊕ and an orbital period of 24.246 days. Radial velocity measurements obtained with the Planet Finder Spectrograph on the Magellan Clay telescope confirm the existence of the planet and lead to a mass measurement of 15.5 ± 3.3 M⊕. With an equilibrium temperature of just 330 K, TOI-1231 b is one of the coolest small planets accessible for atmospheric studies thus far, and its host star's bright near-infrared brightness (J = 8.88, Ks = 8.07) makes it an exciting target for the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope. Future atmospheric observations would enable the first comparative planetology efforts in the 250–350 K temperature regime via comparisons with K2-18 b. Furthermore, TOI-1231's high systemic radial velocity (70.5 km s−1) may allow for the detection of low-velocity hydrogen atoms escaping the planet by Doppler, shifting the H i Lyα stellar emission away from the geocoronal and interstellar medium absorption features.

AB - We report the discovery of a transiting, temperate, Neptune-sized exoplanet orbiting the nearby (d = 27.5 pc), M3V star TOI-1231 (NLTT 24399, L 248-27, 2MASS J10265947-5228099). The planet was detected using photometric data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and followed up with observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory and the Antarctica Search for Transiting ExoPlanets program. Combining the photometric data sets, we find that the newly discovered planet has a radius of 3.65-0.15+0.16 R⊕ and an orbital period of 24.246 days. Radial velocity measurements obtained with the Planet Finder Spectrograph on the Magellan Clay telescope confirm the existence of the planet and lead to a mass measurement of 15.5 ± 3.3 M⊕. With an equilibrium temperature of just 330 K, TOI-1231 b is one of the coolest small planets accessible for atmospheric studies thus far, and its host star's bright near-infrared brightness (J = 8.88, Ks = 8.07) makes it an exciting target for the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope. Future atmospheric observations would enable the first comparative planetology efforts in the 250–350 K temperature regime via comparisons with K2-18 b. Furthermore, TOI-1231's high systemic radial velocity (70.5 km s−1) may allow for the detection of low-velocity hydrogen atoms escaping the planet by Doppler, shifting the H i Lyα stellar emission away from the geocoronal and interstellar medium absorption features.

KW - Exoplanet astronomy

KW - Mini Neptunes

KW - Radial velocity

KW - Transit photometry

KW - astro-ph.EP

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112385426&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/ac0432

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/ac0432

M3 - Article

SN - 1538-3881

VL - 162

JO - The Astronomical Journal

JF - The Astronomical Journal

IS - 3

M1 - 87

ER -

TOI-1231 b: a temperate, Neptune-sized planet transiting the nearby M3 dwarf NLTT 24399

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