The role of Z-disc proteins in myopathy and cardiomyopathy

Kirsty Wadmore, Amar Azad, Katja Gehmlich

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

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Abstract

The Z-disc acts as a protein-rich structure to tether thin filament in the contractile units, the sarcomeres, of striated muscle cells. Proteins found in the Z-disc are integral for maintaining the architecture of the sarcomere. They also enable it to function as a (bio-mechanical) signalling hub. Numerous proteins interact in the Z-disc to facilitate force transduction and intracellular signalling in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. This review will focus on six key Z-disc proteins: α-actinin 2, filamin C, myopalladin, myotilin, telethonin and Z-disc alternatively spliced PDZ-motif (ZASP), which have all been linked to myopathies and cardiomyopathies. We will summarise pathogenic variants identified in the six genes coding for these proteins and look at their involvement in myopathy and cardiomyopathy. Listing the Minor Allele Frequency (MAF) of these variants in the Genome Aggregation Database (GnomAD) version 3.1 will help to critically re-evaluate pathogenicity based on variant frequency in normal population cohorts.
Original languageEnglish
Article number3058
Pages (from-to)1-30
JournalInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences
Volume22
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 17 Mar 2021

Keywords

  • Z-disc alternatively spliced PDZ-motif (ZASP)
  • cardiomyopathy
  • filamin C
  • missense variant
  • myopalladin
  • myopathy
  • myotilin
  • telethonin
  • truncating variant
  • α-actinin 2

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