TY - JOUR
T1 - The mechanical properties of nanofilled resin-based composites: The impact of dry and wet cyclic pre-loading on bi-axial flexure strength
AU - Curtis, AR
AU - Palin, William
AU - Fleming, GJP
AU - Shortall, Adrian
AU - Marquis, Peter
PY - 2009/2/1
Y1 - 2009/2/1
N2 - Objectives, To determine the influence of nano-sized filler particles and agglomerates of nanoparticles ('nanoclusters') in resin-based composite (RBC) materials on the bi-axial flexure strength (BFS) following cyclic pre-loading and storage in a 'dry' or 'wet' environment.
Method. Seven commercially available RBC restoratives, Heliomolar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Z100 MP Restorative, Filtek (TM) Z250, Filtek (TM) Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) in Body (FSB) and Translucent (FST) shades, Grandio and Grandio Flow (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), containing differing filler particle types and morphologies were investigated. Specimens were pre-loaded at 20, 50 or 100 N for 2000 cycles and stored in a 'dry' or 'wet' environment prior to BFS testing.
Results. A general linear model analysis of variance highlighted a reduction in the BFS following pre-loading, however, individual RBC materials responded differently The RBCs containing agglomerated nano-sized particles or 'nanoclusters' (Filtek (TM) Supreme) demonstrated distinctive and unique patterns of response to pre-loading. Cyclic pre-loading at 20 and SON significantly increased the Weibull modulus of both FSB (8.53 +/- 1.91 and 10.23 +/- 2.29) and FST (16.89 +/- 3.78 and 10.91 +/- 2.45) compared with FSB and FST control (no pre-cyclic load) specimens (5.98 +/- 1.34 and 7.99 1.78, respectively). BFS of FSB and FST was maintained or significantly increased compared with the other materials following 20 and 50 N cyclic pre-load (P <0.05).
Significance, The 'nanoclusters' provided a distinct reinforcing mechanism compared with the microhybrid, microfill or nanohybrid RBC systems resulting in significant improvements to the strength and reliability, irrespective of the environmental storage and testing conditions. Silane infiltration within interstices of the nanoclusters may modify the response to pre-loading induced stress, thereby enhancing damage tolerance and providing the potential for improved clinical performance. (c) 2008 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
AB - Objectives, To determine the influence of nano-sized filler particles and agglomerates of nanoparticles ('nanoclusters') in resin-based composite (RBC) materials on the bi-axial flexure strength (BFS) following cyclic pre-loading and storage in a 'dry' or 'wet' environment.
Method. Seven commercially available RBC restoratives, Heliomolar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Z100 MP Restorative, Filtek (TM) Z250, Filtek (TM) Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) in Body (FSB) and Translucent (FST) shades, Grandio and Grandio Flow (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), containing differing filler particle types and morphologies were investigated. Specimens were pre-loaded at 20, 50 or 100 N for 2000 cycles and stored in a 'dry' or 'wet' environment prior to BFS testing.
Results. A general linear model analysis of variance highlighted a reduction in the BFS following pre-loading, however, individual RBC materials responded differently The RBCs containing agglomerated nano-sized particles or 'nanoclusters' (Filtek (TM) Supreme) demonstrated distinctive and unique patterns of response to pre-loading. Cyclic pre-loading at 20 and SON significantly increased the Weibull modulus of both FSB (8.53 +/- 1.91 and 10.23 +/- 2.29) and FST (16.89 +/- 3.78 and 10.91 +/- 2.45) compared with FSB and FST control (no pre-cyclic load) specimens (5.98 +/- 1.34 and 7.99 1.78, respectively). BFS of FSB and FST was maintained or significantly increased compared with the other materials following 20 and 50 N cyclic pre-load (P <0.05).
Significance, The 'nanoclusters' provided a distinct reinforcing mechanism compared with the microhybrid, microfill or nanohybrid RBC systems resulting in significant improvements to the strength and reliability, irrespective of the environmental storage and testing conditions. Silane infiltration within interstices of the nanoclusters may modify the response to pre-loading induced stress, thereby enhancing damage tolerance and providing the potential for improved clinical performance. (c) 2008 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW - Nanofillers
KW - Cyclic fatigue
KW - Bi-axial flexure strength
KW - Resin-based composite
U2 - 10.1016/j.dental.2008.06.003
DO - 10.1016/j.dental.2008.06.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 18656255
SN - 1879-0097
VL - 25
SP - 188
EP - 197
JO - Dental Materials
JF - Dental Materials
IS - 2
ER -