The effects of free-living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial

Kristian Karstoft; Kamilla Winding; Sine H Knudsen; Jens S Nielsen; Carsten Thomsen; Bente K Pedersen; Thomas P J Solomon

doi:10.2337/dc12-0658

The effects of free-living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial

Kristian Karstoft, Kamilla Winding, Sine H Knudsen, Jens S Nielsen, Carsten Thomsen, Bente K Pedersen, Thomas P J Solomon

Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

177 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of free-living walking training in type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the effects of interval-walking training versus continuous-walking training upon physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized to a control (n = 8), continuous-walking (n = 12), or interval-walking group (n = 12). Training groups were prescribed five sessions per week (60 min/session) and were controlled with an accelerometer and a heart-rate monitor. Continuous walkers performed all training at moderate intensity, whereas interval walkers alternated 3-min repetitions at low and high intensity. Before and after the 4-month intervention, the following variables were measured: VO(2)max, body composition, and glycemic control (fasting glucose, HbA(1c), oral glucose tolerance test, and continuous glucose monitoring [CGM]).

RESULTS: Training adherence was high (89 ± 4%), and training energy expenditure and mean intensity were comparable. VO(2)max increased 16.1 ± 3.7% in the interval-walking group (P < 0.05), whereas no changes were observed in the continuous-walking or control group. Body mass and adiposity (fat mass and visceral fat) decreased in the interval-walking group only (P < 0.05). Glycemic control (elevated mean CGM glucose levels and increased fasting insulin) worsened in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas mean (P = 0.05) and maximum (P < 0.05) CGM glucose levels decreased in the interval-walking group. The continuous walkers showed no changes in glycemic control.

CONCLUSIONS: Free-living walking training is feasible in type 2 diabetic patients. Continuous walking offsets the deterioration in glycemia seen in the control group, and interval walking is superior to energy expenditure-matched continuous walking for improving physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	228-36
Number of pages	9
Journal	Diabetes Care
Volume	36
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0658
Publication status	Published - Feb 2013

Keywords

Blood Glucose
Blood Pressure
Body Composition
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Energy Intake
Energy Metabolism
Exercise
Exercise Therapy
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Physical Fitness
Walking

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.2337/dc12-0658

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@article{ebb82fd80d734569ab7c2c97a0f664e3,

title = "The effects of free-living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial",

abstract = "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of free-living walking training in type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the effects of interval-walking training versus continuous-walking training upon physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized to a control (n = 8), continuous-walking (n = 12), or interval-walking group (n = 12). Training groups were prescribed five sessions per week (60 min/session) and were controlled with an accelerometer and a heart-rate monitor. Continuous walkers performed all training at moderate intensity, whereas interval walkers alternated 3-min repetitions at low and high intensity. Before and after the 4-month intervention, the following variables were measured: VO(2)max, body composition, and glycemic control (fasting glucose, HbA(1c), oral glucose tolerance test, and continuous glucose monitoring [CGM]).RESULTS: Training adherence was high (89 ± 4%), and training energy expenditure and mean intensity were comparable. VO(2)max increased 16.1 ± 3.7% in the interval-walking group (P < 0.05), whereas no changes were observed in the continuous-walking or control group. Body mass and adiposity (fat mass and visceral fat) decreased in the interval-walking group only (P < 0.05). Glycemic control (elevated mean CGM glucose levels and increased fasting insulin) worsened in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas mean (P = 0.05) and maximum (P < 0.05) CGM glucose levels decreased in the interval-walking group. The continuous walkers showed no changes in glycemic control.CONCLUSIONS: Free-living walking training is feasible in type 2 diabetic patients. Continuous walking offsets the deterioration in glycemia seen in the control group, and interval walking is superior to energy expenditure-matched continuous walking for improving physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control.",

keywords = "Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Composition, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Exercise, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physical Fitness, Walking",

author = "Kristian Karstoft and Kamilla Winding and Knudsen, {Sine H} and Nielsen, {Jens S} and Carsten Thomsen and Pedersen, {Bente K} and Solomon, {Thomas P J}",

year = "2013",

month = feb,

doi = "10.2337/dc12-0658",

language = "English",

volume = "36",

pages = "228--36",

journal = "Diabetes Care",

issn = "0149-5992",

publisher = "American Diabetes Association",

number = "2",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The effects of free-living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients

T2 - a randomized, controlled trial

AU - Karstoft, Kristian

AU - Winding, Kamilla

AU - Knudsen, Sine H

AU - Nielsen, Jens S

AU - Thomsen, Carsten

AU - Pedersen, Bente K

AU - Solomon, Thomas P J

PY - 2013/2

Y1 - 2013/2

N2 - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of free-living walking training in type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the effects of interval-walking training versus continuous-walking training upon physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized to a control (n = 8), continuous-walking (n = 12), or interval-walking group (n = 12). Training groups were prescribed five sessions per week (60 min/session) and were controlled with an accelerometer and a heart-rate monitor. Continuous walkers performed all training at moderate intensity, whereas interval walkers alternated 3-min repetitions at low and high intensity. Before and after the 4-month intervention, the following variables were measured: VO(2)max, body composition, and glycemic control (fasting glucose, HbA(1c), oral glucose tolerance test, and continuous glucose monitoring [CGM]).RESULTS: Training adherence was high (89 ± 4%), and training energy expenditure and mean intensity were comparable. VO(2)max increased 16.1 ± 3.7% in the interval-walking group (P < 0.05), whereas no changes were observed in the continuous-walking or control group. Body mass and adiposity (fat mass and visceral fat) decreased in the interval-walking group only (P < 0.05). Glycemic control (elevated mean CGM glucose levels and increased fasting insulin) worsened in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas mean (P = 0.05) and maximum (P < 0.05) CGM glucose levels decreased in the interval-walking group. The continuous walkers showed no changes in glycemic control.CONCLUSIONS: Free-living walking training is feasible in type 2 diabetic patients. Continuous walking offsets the deterioration in glycemia seen in the control group, and interval walking is superior to energy expenditure-matched continuous walking for improving physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control.

AB - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of free-living walking training in type 2 diabetic patients and to investigate the effects of interval-walking training versus continuous-walking training upon physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized to a control (n = 8), continuous-walking (n = 12), or interval-walking group (n = 12). Training groups were prescribed five sessions per week (60 min/session) and were controlled with an accelerometer and a heart-rate monitor. Continuous walkers performed all training at moderate intensity, whereas interval walkers alternated 3-min repetitions at low and high intensity. Before and after the 4-month intervention, the following variables were measured: VO(2)max, body composition, and glycemic control (fasting glucose, HbA(1c), oral glucose tolerance test, and continuous glucose monitoring [CGM]).RESULTS: Training adherence was high (89 ± 4%), and training energy expenditure and mean intensity were comparable. VO(2)max increased 16.1 ± 3.7% in the interval-walking group (P < 0.05), whereas no changes were observed in the continuous-walking or control group. Body mass and adiposity (fat mass and visceral fat) decreased in the interval-walking group only (P < 0.05). Glycemic control (elevated mean CGM glucose levels and increased fasting insulin) worsened in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas mean (P = 0.05) and maximum (P < 0.05) CGM glucose levels decreased in the interval-walking group. The continuous walkers showed no changes in glycemic control.CONCLUSIONS: Free-living walking training is feasible in type 2 diabetic patients. Continuous walking offsets the deterioration in glycemia seen in the control group, and interval walking is superior to energy expenditure-matched continuous walking for improving physical fitness, body composition, and glycemic control.

KW - Blood Glucose

KW - Blood Pressure

KW - Body Composition

KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

KW - Energy Intake

KW - Energy Metabolism

KW - Exercise

KW - Exercise Therapy

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Physical Fitness

KW - Walking

U2 - 10.2337/dc12-0658

DO - 10.2337/dc12-0658

M3 - Article

C2 - 23002086

SN - 0149-5992

VL - 36

SP - 228

EP - 236

JO - Diabetes Care

JF - Diabetes Care

IS - 2

ER -

The effects of free-living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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