The Effect of Ti/Ta Ratio and Processing Routes on the Hardness and Elastic Modulus of Porous TiNbZrTa Alloys

Celia González-Guillén; Ghaith Al Hawajreh Kamel; Eduardo Degalez-Duran; Elizaveta Klyatskina; Muhammad Naeem; Liliana Romero-Resendiz; Gonzalo Gonzalez; Vicente Amigó Borrás

doi:10.3390/ma16237362

The Effect of Ti/Ta Ratio and Processing Routes on the Hardness and Elastic Modulus of Porous TiNbZrTa Alloys

Celia González-Guillén, Ghaith Al Hawajreh Kamel, Eduardo Degalez-Duran, Elizaveta Klyatskina, Muhammad Naeem, Liliana Romero-Resendiz^*, Gonzalo Gonzalez^*, Vicente Amigó Borrás^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Metallurgy and Materials

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Abstract

TiNbZrTa alloys are promising for multidisciplinary applications, such as refractory and biomedical purposes, due to their high thermal stability and non-toxicity. Hardness and elastic modulus are among the key features for their adequate industrial applications. The influence of porosity and Ti/Ta ratio were investigated on TiNbZrTa alloys produced by three different processing routes, i.e., (i) blend element and posterior press and sintering (BE + P&S); (ii) mechanical alloying with press and sintering (MA + P&S); and (iii) arc melting and casting. Porosity decreased in the following order: casting < MA + P&S < BE + P&S. The total porosity of alloys increased with increasing Ta contents, i.e., by lowering the Ti/Ta ratio. However, the Ti/Ta ratio did not considerably affect the bonding energy or the elastic modulus. Hardness was increased significantly in dense alloys compared to porous ones. However, porosity and Ti/Ta ratio did not show a clear trend in hardness among the porous alloys.

Original language	English
Article number	7362
Number of pages	11
Journal	Materials
Volume	16
Issue number	23
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16237362
Publication status	Published - 27 Nov 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding:
This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades with grant number “RTI2018-097810-B-I00”; the European Commission via the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER); the UNAM-DGAPA-PASPA program (sabbatical year of G.G.); the Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica (PAPIIT)-UNAM under grant number IN102321; the Programa de Apoyo a la Investigación y el Posgrado (PAIP) of the Facultad de Química of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México under grant number PAIP-50009223; and the (PAPIIT)-UNAM under grant number IA102724.

Keywords

High-entropy alloy
porosity
blend element
mechanical alloying
mechanical properties
impulse excitation technique
powder metallurgy
casting

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title = "The Effect of Ti/Ta Ratio and Processing Routes on the Hardness and Elastic Modulus of Porous TiNbZrTa Alloys",

abstract = "TiNbZrTa alloys are promising for multidisciplinary applications, such as refractory and biomedical purposes, due to their high thermal stability and non-toxicity. Hardness and elastic modulus are among the key features for their adequate industrial applications. The influence of porosity and Ti/Ta ratio were investigated on TiNbZrTa alloys produced by three different processing routes, i.e., (i) blend element and posterior press and sintering (BE + P&S); (ii) mechanical alloying with press and sintering (MA + P&S); and (iii) arc melting and casting. Porosity decreased in the following order: casting < MA + P&S < BE + P&S. The total porosity of alloys increased with increasing Ta contents, i.e., by lowering the Ti/Ta ratio. However, the Ti/Ta ratio did not considerably affect the bonding energy or the elastic modulus. Hardness was increased significantly in dense alloys compared to porous ones. However, porosity and Ti/Ta ratio did not show a clear trend in hardness among the porous alloys.",

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note = "Funding: This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci{\'o}n y Universidades with grant number “RTI2018-097810-B-I00”; the European Commission via the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER); the UNAM-DGAPA-PASPA program (sabbatical year of G.G.); the Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica (PAPIIT)-UNAM under grant number IN102321; the Programa de Apoyo a la Investigaci{\'o}n y el Posgrado (PAIP) of the Facultad de Qu{\'i}mica of Universidad Nacional Aut{\'o}noma de M{\'e}xico under grant number PAIP-50009223; and the (PAPIIT)-UNAM under grant number IA102724.",

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AU - Degalez-Duran, Eduardo

AU - Klyatskina, Elizaveta

AU - Naeem, Muhammad

AU - Romero-Resendiz, Liliana

AU - Gonzalez, Gonzalo

AU - Borrás, Vicente Amigó

N1 - Funding: This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades with grant number “RTI2018-097810-B-I00”; the European Commission via the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER); the UNAM-DGAPA-PASPA program (sabbatical year of G.G.); the Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigacion e Innovacion Tecnologica (PAPIIT)-UNAM under grant number IN102321; the Programa de Apoyo a la Investigación y el Posgrado (PAIP) of the Facultad de Química of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México under grant number PAIP-50009223; and the (PAPIIT)-UNAM under grant number IA102724.

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N2 - TiNbZrTa alloys are promising for multidisciplinary applications, such as refractory and biomedical purposes, due to their high thermal stability and non-toxicity. Hardness and elastic modulus are among the key features for their adequate industrial applications. The influence of porosity and Ti/Ta ratio were investigated on TiNbZrTa alloys produced by three different processing routes, i.e., (i) blend element and posterior press and sintering (BE + P&S); (ii) mechanical alloying with press and sintering (MA + P&S); and (iii) arc melting and casting. Porosity decreased in the following order: casting < MA + P&S < BE + P&S. The total porosity of alloys increased with increasing Ta contents, i.e., by lowering the Ti/Ta ratio. However, the Ti/Ta ratio did not considerably affect the bonding energy or the elastic modulus. Hardness was increased significantly in dense alloys compared to porous ones. However, porosity and Ti/Ta ratio did not show a clear trend in hardness among the porous alloys.

AB - TiNbZrTa alloys are promising for multidisciplinary applications, such as refractory and biomedical purposes, due to their high thermal stability and non-toxicity. Hardness and elastic modulus are among the key features for their adequate industrial applications. The influence of porosity and Ti/Ta ratio were investigated on TiNbZrTa alloys produced by three different processing routes, i.e., (i) blend element and posterior press and sintering (BE + P&S); (ii) mechanical alloying with press and sintering (MA + P&S); and (iii) arc melting and casting. Porosity decreased in the following order: casting < MA + P&S < BE + P&S. The total porosity of alloys increased with increasing Ta contents, i.e., by lowering the Ti/Ta ratio. However, the Ti/Ta ratio did not considerably affect the bonding energy or the elastic modulus. Hardness was increased significantly in dense alloys compared to porous ones. However, porosity and Ti/Ta ratio did not show a clear trend in hardness among the porous alloys.

KW - High-entropy alloy

KW - porosity

KW - blend element

KW - mechanical alloying

KW - mechanical properties

KW - impulse excitation technique

KW - powder metallurgy

KW - casting

U2 - 10.3390/ma16237362

DO - 10.3390/ma16237362

M3 - Article

SN - 1996-1944

VL - 16

JO - Materials

JF - Materials

IS - 23

M1 - 7362

ER -

The Effect of Ti/Ta Ratio and Processing Routes on the Hardness and Elastic Modulus of Porous TiNbZrTa Alloys

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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