The effect of the availability of inhaled insulin on glycaemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes failing on oral therapy: the evaluation of Exubera (R) as a therapeutic option on insulin initiation and improvement in glycaemic control in clinical practice (EXPERIENCE) trial

S Del Prato, L Blonde, L Martinez, B Goke, V Woo, A Millward, R Gomis, B Canovatchel, T Strack, D Lawrence, Nick Freemantle

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    14 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Aim To examine the impact of inhaled human insulin (Exubera (R), EXU) on patient or physician willingness to adopt insulin after oral glucose-lowering agent failure. Methods During a randomized controlled trial in primary, secondary and tertiary care in Europe and North America, 739 patients using >= 2 oral glucose-lowering agents with glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) >= 8.0% were assigned to two treatment groups: Group 1 (standard care with the option of EXU) or Group 2 (standard care only). Standard care included adjusting oral therapy (optimizing current regimen or adding/omitting agents) and/or initiating subcutaneous (s.c.) insulin. The primary endpoint was difference in HbA(1c) between randomized groups at 26 weeks. Secondary outcomes included differences in the rate of uptake of insulin therapy, proportion achieving satisfactory glycaemic control, treatment satisfaction and safety outcomes. Results At baseline, insulin was initiated by more [odds ratio 6.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.2 to 8.8; P <0.0001] patients in Group 1 (86.2%; 76.7% EXU plus 9.5% s.c.) than Group 2 (50.7%; s.c. insulin only). At 26 weeks, mean (sd) changes in HbA(1c) from baseline were -2.0% (1.2%) and -1.7% (1.3%) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively, a difference of -0.2% (95% CI: -0.1% to -0.4%; P = 0.004). In Group 1, 45% of patients achieved an HbA(1c)
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)662-670
    Number of pages9
    JournalDiabetic Medicine
    Volume25
    Issue number6
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 1 Jun 2008

    Keywords

    • inhaled insulin
    • glycaemic control
    • Type 2 diabetes
    • insulin initiation

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