Effect of humidity on the interlayer interaction of bilayer graphene

A. Qadir, Y. W. Sun, W. Liu, P. Goldberg Oppenheimer, Y. Xu, C. J. Humphreys, D. J. Dunstan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The lubricating ability of graphite largely depends on the environmental humidity, essentially the amount of water in between its layers. In general, intercalated molecules in layered materials modify their extraordinary properties by interacting with the layers. To understand the interaction of intercalated water molecules with graphene layers, we performed Raman measurements on bilayer graphene at various humidity levels and observed an additional peak close to that of the low-frequency layer breathing mode between two graphene layers. The additional peak is attributed to the vibration between an intercalated water layer and the graphene layers. We further propose that the monolayer coverage of water increases between bilayer graphene with increasing environmental humidity while the interaction between the water layer and graphene layers remains approximately unchanged, until too much water is intercalated to keep the monolayer structure, at just over 50% relative humidity. Notably, the results suggest that unexpectedly humidity could be an important factor affecting the properties of layered materials, as it significantly modifies the interlayer interaction. We suggest all experiments on 2D materials should in future record the relative humidity.
Original languageEnglish
Article number045402
Number of pages6
JournalPhysical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics
Volume99
Issue number4
Early online date2 Jan 2019
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15 Jan 2019

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