Abstract
NEW FINDINGS: What is the topic of this review? This review discusses the evidence of the benefits of exercise training for β-cell health through improvements in function, proliferation and survival which may have implications in the treatment of diabetes. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights how exercise may modulate β-cell health in the context of diabetes and highlights the need for further exploration of whether β-cell preserving effects of exercise translates to T1D.
ABSTRACT: Physical exercise is a core therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Whilst the benefits of exercise for different physiological systems are recognised, the effect of exercise specifically on the pancreatic β-cell is not well described. Here we review the effects of physical exercise on β-cell health. We show that exercise improves β-cell mass and function. The improved function manifests primarily through the increased insulin content of the β-cell and its increased ability to secrete insulin in response to a glucose stimulus. We review the evidence relating to glucose sensing, insulin signalling, β-cell proliferation and β-cell apoptosis in humans and animal models with acute exercise and following exercise training programmes. Some of the mechanisms through which these benefits manifest are discussed.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 579-589 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Experimental Physiology |
Volume | 105 |
Issue number | 4 |
Early online date | 3 Feb 2020 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Apr 2020 |
Bibliographical note
© 2020 The Authors. Experimental Physiology © 2020 The Physiological Society.Keywords
- diabetes
- exercise
- immunity
- physical activity
- β‐cell