Text Entry for XR Trove (TEXT): Collecting and Analyzing Techniques for Text Input in XR

Arpit Bhatia; Moaaz Hudhud Mughrabi; Diar Abdlkarim; Max Di Luca; Mar Gonzalez Franco; Karan Ahuja; Hasti Seifi

doi:10.1145/3706598.3713382

Text Entry for XR Trove (TEXT): Collecting and Analyzing Techniques for Text Input in XR

Arpit Bhatia
, Moaaz Hudhud Mughrabi
, Diar Abdlkarim
, Max Di Luca
, Mar Gonzalez Franco
, Karan Ahuja
, Hasti Seifi

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

350 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Text entry for extended reality (XR) is far from perfect, and a variety of text entry techniques (TETs) have been proposed to fit various contexts of use. However, comparing between TETs remains challenging due to the lack of a consolidated collection of techniques, and limited understanding of how interaction attributes of a technique (e.g., presence of visual feedback) impact user performance. To address these gaps, this paper examines the current landscape of XR TETs by creating a database of 176 different techniques. We analyze this database to highlight trends in the design of these techniques, the metrics used to evaluate them, and how various interaction attributes impact these metrics. We discuss implications for future techniques and present TEXT: Text Entry for XR Trove, an interactive online tool to navigate our database.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	CHI '25
Subtitle of host publication	Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Editors	Naomi Yamashita, Vanessa Evers, Koji Yatani, Xianghua (Sharon) Ding, Bongshin Lee, Marshini Chetty, Phoebe Toups-Dugas
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Number of pages	18
ISBN (Electronic)	9798400713941
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713382
Publication status	Published - 25 Apr 2025
Event	2025 CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - PACIFICO Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan Duration: 26 Apr 2025 → 1 May 2025 https://chi2025.acm.org/

Publication series

Name	Human factors in computing systems
Publisher	Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
ISSN (Print)	1062-9432

Conference

Conference	2025 CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Abbreviated title	CHI 2025
Country/Territory	Japan
City	Yokohama
Period	26/04/25 → 1/05/25
Internet address	https://chi2025.acm.org/

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

Keywords

Text Entry
Extended Reality
Dataset

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Human-Computer Interaction
Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design
Software

Access to Document

10.1145/3706598.3713382Licence: None: All rights reserved

BhatiaA2025TextFinal published version, 11.2 MBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

1 Finished
1 Active

Google TextInputVault funding
Di Luca, M. (Principal Investigator)
Alphabet Inc
3/07/24 → 31/07/27
Project: Industry
Augmented Reality Music Ensemble
Wing, A. (Co-Investigator), Di Luca, M. (Principal Investigator), Witek, M. (Co-Investigator) & Elliott, M. (Co-Investigator)
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council
1/09/21 → 29/12/25
Project: Research Councils

Cite this

Bhatia, A., Mughrabi, M. H., Abdlkarim, D., Di Luca, M., Franco, M. G., Ahuja, K., & Seifi, H. (2025). Text Entry for XR Trove (TEXT): Collecting and Analyzing Techniques for Text Input in XR. In N. Yamashita, V. Evers, K. Yatani, X. Ding, B. Lee, M. Chetty, & P. Toups-Dugas (Eds.), CHI '25: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Article 1223 (Human factors in computing systems). Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713382

Bhatia, Arpit ; Mughrabi, Moaaz Hudhud ; Abdlkarim, Diar et al. / Text Entry for XR Trove (TEXT) : Collecting and Analyzing Techniques for Text Input in XR. CHI '25: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. editor / Naomi Yamashita ; Vanessa Evers ; Koji Yatani ; Xianghua (Sharon) Ding ; Bongshin Lee ; Marshini Chetty ; Phoebe Toups-Dugas. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2025. (Human factors in computing systems).

@inproceedings{ccea384a649b4cddb9cd2b3a94c32959,

title = "Text Entry for XR Trove (TEXT): Collecting and Analyzing Techniques for Text Input in XR",

abstract = "Text entry for extended reality (XR) is far from perfect, and a variety of text entry techniques (TETs) have been proposed to fit various contexts of use. However, comparing between TETs remains challenging due to the lack of a consolidated collection of techniques, and limited understanding of how interaction attributes of a technique (e.g., presence of visual feedback) impact user performance. To address these gaps, this paper examines the current landscape of XR TETs by creating a database of 176 different techniques. We analyze this database to highlight trends in the design of these techniques, the metrics used to evaluate them, and how various interaction attributes impact these metrics. We discuss implications for future techniques and present TEXT: Text Entry for XR Trove, an interactive online tool to navigate our database.",

keywords = "Text Entry, Extended Reality, Dataset",

author = "Arpit Bhatia and Mughrabi, \{Moaaz Hudhud\} and Diar Abdlkarim and \{Di Luca\}, Max and Franco, \{Mar Gonzalez\} and Karan Ahuja and Hasti Seifi",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).; 2025 CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2025 ; Conference date: 26-04-2025 Through 01-05-2025",

year = "2025",

month = apr,

day = "25",

doi = "10.1145/3706598.3713382",

language = "English",

series = "Human factors in computing systems",

publisher = "Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)",

editor = "Naomi Yamashita and Vanessa Evers and Koji Yatani and Ding, \{Xianghua (Sharon)\} and Bongshin Lee and Marshini Chetty and Phoebe Toups-Dugas",

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Bhatia, A, Mughrabi, MH, Abdlkarim, D , Di Luca, M, Franco, MG, Ahuja, K & Seifi, H 2025, Text Entry for XR Trove (TEXT): Collecting and Analyzing Techniques for Text Input in XR. in N Yamashita, V Evers, K Yatani, X Ding, B Lee, M Chetty & P Toups-Dugas (eds), CHI '25: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems., 1223, Human factors in computing systems, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2025 CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Yokohama, Japan, 26/04/25. https://doi.org/10.1145/3706598.3713382

Text Entry for XR Trove (TEXT): Collecting and Analyzing Techniques for Text Input in XR. / Bhatia, Arpit; Mughrabi, Moaaz Hudhud; Abdlkarim, Diar et al.
CHI '25: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ed. / Naomi Yamashita; Vanessa Evers; Koji Yatani; Xianghua (Sharon) Ding; Bongshin Lee; Marshini Chetty; Phoebe Toups-Dugas. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2025. 1223 (Human factors in computing systems).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

TY - GEN

T1 - Text Entry for XR Trove (TEXT)

T2 - 2025 CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

AU - Bhatia, Arpit

AU - Mughrabi, Moaaz Hudhud

AU - Abdlkarim, Diar

AU - Di Luca, Max

AU - Franco, Mar Gonzalez

AU - Ahuja, Karan

AU - Seifi, Hasti

PY - 2025/4/25

Y1 - 2025/4/25

N2 - Text entry for extended reality (XR) is far from perfect, and a variety of text entry techniques (TETs) have been proposed to fit various contexts of use. However, comparing between TETs remains challenging due to the lack of a consolidated collection of techniques, and limited understanding of how interaction attributes of a technique (e.g., presence of visual feedback) impact user performance. To address these gaps, this paper examines the current landscape of XR TETs by creating a database of 176 different techniques. We analyze this database to highlight trends in the design of these techniques, the metrics used to evaluate them, and how various interaction attributes impact these metrics. We discuss implications for future techniques and present TEXT: Text Entry for XR Trove, an interactive online tool to navigate our database.

AB - Text entry for extended reality (XR) is far from perfect, and a variety of text entry techniques (TETs) have been proposed to fit various contexts of use. However, comparing between TETs remains challenging due to the lack of a consolidated collection of techniques, and limited understanding of how interaction attributes of a technique (e.g., presence of visual feedback) impact user performance. To address these gaps, this paper examines the current landscape of XR TETs by creating a database of 176 different techniques. We analyze this database to highlight trends in the design of these techniques, the metrics used to evaluate them, and how various interaction attributes impact these metrics. We discuss implications for future techniques and present TEXT: Text Entry for XR Trove, an interactive online tool to navigate our database.

KW - Text Entry

KW - Extended Reality

KW - Dataset

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105005741009

U2 - 10.1145/3706598.3713382

DO - 10.1145/3706598.3713382

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105005741009

T3 - Human factors in computing systems

BT - CHI '25

A2 - Yamashita, Naomi

A2 - Evers, Vanessa

A2 - Yatani, Koji

A2 - Ding, Xianghua (Sharon)

A2 - Lee, Bongshin

A2 - Chetty, Marshini

A2 - Toups-Dugas, Phoebe

PB - Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

Y2 - 26 April 2025 through 1 May 2025

ER -

Bhatia A, Mughrabi MH, Abdlkarim D , Di Luca M, Franco MG, Ahuja K et al. Text Entry for XR Trove (TEXT): Collecting and Analyzing Techniques for Text Input in XR. In Yamashita N, Evers V, Yatani K, Ding X, Lee B, Chetty M, Toups-Dugas P, editors, CHI '25: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). 2025. 1223. (Human factors in computing systems). doi: 10.1145/3706598.3713382

Text Entry for XR Trove (TEXT): Collecting and Analyzing Techniques for Text Input in XR

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Projects

Google TextInputVault funding

Augmented Reality Music Ensemble

Cite this