TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VI: an 11 Myr giant planet transiting a very low-mass star in Lower Centaurus Crux

Andrew W. Mann; Mackenna L. Wood; Stephen P. Schmidt; Madyson G. Barber; James E. Owen; Benjamin M. Tofflemire; Elisabeth R. Newton; Eric E. Mamajek; Jonathan L. Bush; Gregory N. Mace; Adam L. Kraus; Pa Chia Thao; Andrew Vanderburg; Joe Llama; Christopher M. Johns-Krull; L. Prato; Asa G. Stahl; Shih-Yun Tang; Matthew J. Fields; Karen A. Collins; Kevin I. Collins; Tianjun Gan; Eric L. N. Jensen; Jacob Kamler; Richard P. Schwarz; Elise Furlan; Crystal L. Gnilka; Steve B. Howell; Kathryn V. Lester; Dylan A. Owens; Olga Suarez; Djamel Mekarnia; Tristan Guillot; Lyu Abe; Amaury H. M. J. Triaud; Marshall C. Johnson; Reilly P. Milburn; Aaron C. Rizzuto; Samuel N. Quinn; Ronan Kerr; George R. Ricker; Roland Vanderspek; David W. Latham; Sara Seager; Joshua N. Winn; Jon M. Jenkins; Natalia M. Guerrero; Avi Shporer; Joshua E. Schlieder; Brian McLean; Bill Wohler

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac511d

TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VI: an 11 Myr giant planet transiting a very low-mass star in Lower Centaurus Crux

Andrew W. Mann, Mackenna L. Wood, Stephen P. Schmidt, Madyson G. Barber, James E. Owen, Benjamin M. Tofflemire, Elisabeth R. Newton, Eric E. Mamajek, Jonathan L. Bush, Gregory N. Mace, Adam L. Kraus, Pa Chia Thao, Andrew Vanderburg, Joe Llama, Christopher M. Johns-Krull, L. Prato, Asa G. Stahl, Shih-Yun Tang, Matthew J. Fields, Karen A. CollinsKevin I. Collins, Tianjun Gan, Eric L. N. Jensen, Jacob Kamler, Richard P. Schwarz, Elise Furlan, Crystal L. Gnilka, Steve B. Howell, Kathryn V. Lester, Dylan A. Owens, Olga Suarez, Djamel Mekarnia, Tristan Guillot, Lyu Abe, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Marshall C. Johnson, Reilly P. Milburn, Aaron C. Rizzuto, Samuel N. Quinn, Ronan Kerr, George R. Ricker, Roland Vanderspek, David W. Latham, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, Natalia M. Guerrero, Avi Shporer, Joshua E. Schlieder, Brian McLean, Bill Wohler

Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

Mature super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are predicted to be ≃ Jovian radius when younger than 10 Myr. Thus, we expect to find 5-15 R planets around young stars even if their older counterparts harbor none. We report the discovery and validation of TOI 1227b, a 0.85 ± 0.05 R J (9.5 R) planet transiting a very-low-mass star (0.170 ± 0.015 M) every 27.4 days. TOI 1227's kinematics and strong lithium absorption confirm that it is a member of a previously discovered subgroup in the Lower Centaurus Crux OB association, which we designate the Musca group. We derive an age of 11 ± 2 Myr for Musca, based on lithium, rotation, and the color-magnitude diagram of Musca members. The TESS data and ground-based follow-up show a deep (2.5%) transit. We use multiwavelength transit observations and radial velocities from the IGRINS spectrograph to validate the signal as planetary in nature, and we obtain an upper limit on the planet mass of ≃0.5 M J. Because such large planets are exceptionally rare around mature low-mass stars, we suggest that TOI 1227b is still contracting and will eventually turn into one of the more common <5 R planets.

Original language	English
Article number	156
Journal	AJ
Volume	163
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac511d
Publication status	Published - 9 Mar 2022

Keywords

astro-ph.EP
astro-ph.SR

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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manna2022TESSFinal published version, 16.6 MBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

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Mann, A. W., Wood, M. L., Schmidt, S. P., Barber, M. G., Owen, J. E., Tofflemire, B. M., Newton, E. R., Mamajek, E. E., Bush, J. L., Mace, G. N., Kraus, A. L., Thao, P. C., Vanderburg, A., Llama, J., Johns-Krull, C. M., Prato, L., Stahl, A. G., Tang, S.-Y., Fields, M. J., ... Wohler, B. (2022). TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VI: an 11 Myr giant planet transiting a very low-mass star in Lower Centaurus Crux. AJ, 163(4), Article 156. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac511d

@article{1b9c8c8a86b547a7a23f9e69d3b050ca,

title = "TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VI: an 11 Myr giant planet transiting a very low-mass star in Lower Centaurus Crux",

abstract = "Mature super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are predicted to be ≃ Jovian radius when younger than 10 Myr. Thus, we expect to find 5-15 R planets around young stars even if their older counterparts harbor none. We report the discovery and validation of TOI 1227b, a 0.85 ± 0.05 R J (9.5 R) planet transiting a very-low-mass star (0.170 ± 0.015 M) every 27.4 days. TOI 1227's kinematics and strong lithium absorption confirm that it is a member of a previously discovered subgroup in the Lower Centaurus Crux OB association, which we designate the Musca group. We derive an age of 11 ± 2 Myr for Musca, based on lithium, rotation, and the color-magnitude diagram of Musca members. The TESS data and ground-based follow-up show a deep (2.5%) transit. We use multiwavelength transit observations and radial velocities from the IGRINS spectrograph to validate the signal as planetary in nature, and we obtain an upper limit on the planet mass of ≃0.5 M J. Because such large planets are exceptionally rare around mature low-mass stars, we suggest that TOI 1227b is still contracting and will eventually turn into one of the more common <5 R planets.",

keywords = "astro-ph.EP, astro-ph.SR",

author = "Mann, {Andrew W.} and Wood, {Mackenna L.} and Schmidt, {Stephen P.} and Barber, {Madyson G.} and Owen, {James E.} and Tofflemire, {Benjamin M.} and Newton, {Elisabeth R.} and Mamajek, {Eric E.} and Bush, {Jonathan L.} and Mace, {Gregory N.} and Kraus, {Adam L.} and Thao, {Pa Chia} and Andrew Vanderburg and Joe Llama and Johns-Krull, {Christopher M.} and L. Prato and Stahl, {Asa G.} and Shih-Yun Tang and Fields, {Matthew J.} and Collins, {Karen A.} and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Tianjun Gan and Jensen, {Eric L. N.} and Jacob Kamler and Schwarz, {Richard P.} and Elise Furlan and Gnilka, {Crystal L.} and Howell, {Steve B.} and Lester, {Kathryn V.} and Owens, {Dylan A.} and Olga Suarez and Djamel Mekarnia and Tristan Guillot and Lyu Abe and Triaud, {Amaury H. M. J.} and Johnson, {Marshall C.} and Milburn, {Reilly P.} and Rizzuto, {Aaron C.} and Quinn, {Samuel N.} and Ronan Kerr and Ricker, {George R.} and Roland Vanderspek and Latham, {David W.} and Sara Seager and Winn, {Joshua N.} and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Guerrero, {Natalia M.} and Avi Shporer and Schlieder, {Joshua E.} and Brian McLean and Bill Wohler",

year = "2022",

month = mar,

day = "9",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ac511d",

language = "English",

volume = "163",

journal = "AJ",

number = "4",

}

Mann, AW, Wood, ML, Schmidt, SP, Barber, MG, Owen, JE, Tofflemire, BM, Newton, ER, Mamajek, EE, Bush, JL, Mace, GN, Kraus, AL, Thao, PC, Vanderburg, A, Llama, J, Johns-Krull, CM, Prato, L, Stahl, AG, Tang, S-Y, Fields, MJ, Collins, KA, Collins, KI, Gan, T, Jensen, ELN, Kamler, J, Schwarz, RP, Furlan, E, Gnilka, CL, Howell, SB, Lester, KV, Owens, DA, Suarez, O, Mekarnia, D, Guillot, T, Abe, L, Triaud, AHMJ, Johnson, MC, Milburn, RP, Rizzuto, AC, Quinn, SN, Kerr, R, Ricker, GR, Vanderspek, R, Latham, DW, Seager, S, Winn, JN, Jenkins, JM, Guerrero, NM, Shporer, A, Schlieder, JE, McLean, B & Wohler, B 2022, 'TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VI: an 11 Myr giant planet transiting a very low-mass star in Lower Centaurus Crux', AJ, vol. 163, no. 4, 156. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac511d

TY - JOUR

T1 - TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VI

T2 - an 11 Myr giant planet transiting a very low-mass star in Lower Centaurus Crux

AU - Mann, Andrew W.

AU - Wood, Mackenna L.

AU - Schmidt, Stephen P.

AU - Barber, Madyson G.

AU - Owen, James E.

AU - Tofflemire, Benjamin M.

AU - Newton, Elisabeth R.

AU - Mamajek, Eric E.

AU - Bush, Jonathan L.

AU - Mace, Gregory N.

AU - Kraus, Adam L.

AU - Thao, Pa Chia

AU - Vanderburg, Andrew

AU - Llama, Joe

AU - Johns-Krull, Christopher M.

AU - Prato, L.

AU - Stahl, Asa G.

AU - Tang, Shih-Yun

AU - Fields, Matthew J.

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Gan, Tianjun

AU - Jensen, Eric L. N.

AU - Kamler, Jacob

AU - Schwarz, Richard P.

AU - Furlan, Elise

AU - Gnilka, Crystal L.

AU - Howell, Steve B.

AU - Lester, Kathryn V.

AU - Owens, Dylan A.

AU - Suarez, Olga

AU - Mekarnia, Djamel

AU - Guillot, Tristan

AU - Abe, Lyu

AU - Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.

AU - Johnson, Marshall C.

AU - Milburn, Reilly P.

AU - Rizzuto, Aaron C.

AU - Quinn, Samuel N.

AU - Kerr, Ronan

AU - Ricker, George R.

AU - Vanderspek, Roland

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Seager, Sara

AU - Winn, Joshua N.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Guerrero, Natalia M.

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Schlieder, Joshua E.

AU - McLean, Brian

AU - Wohler, Bill

PY - 2022/3/9

Y1 - 2022/3/9

N2 - Mature super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are predicted to be ≃ Jovian radius when younger than 10 Myr. Thus, we expect to find 5-15 R planets around young stars even if their older counterparts harbor none. We report the discovery and validation of TOI 1227b, a 0.85 ± 0.05 R J (9.5 R) planet transiting a very-low-mass star (0.170 ± 0.015 M) every 27.4 days. TOI 1227's kinematics and strong lithium absorption confirm that it is a member of a previously discovered subgroup in the Lower Centaurus Crux OB association, which we designate the Musca group. We derive an age of 11 ± 2 Myr for Musca, based on lithium, rotation, and the color-magnitude diagram of Musca members. The TESS data and ground-based follow-up show a deep (2.5%) transit. We use multiwavelength transit observations and radial velocities from the IGRINS spectrograph to validate the signal as planetary in nature, and we obtain an upper limit on the planet mass of ≃0.5 M J. Because such large planets are exceptionally rare around mature low-mass stars, we suggest that TOI 1227b is still contracting and will eventually turn into one of the more common <5 R planets.

AB - Mature super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are predicted to be ≃ Jovian radius when younger than 10 Myr. Thus, we expect to find 5-15 R planets around young stars even if their older counterparts harbor none. We report the discovery and validation of TOI 1227b, a 0.85 ± 0.05 R J (9.5 R) planet transiting a very-low-mass star (0.170 ± 0.015 M) every 27.4 days. TOI 1227's kinematics and strong lithium absorption confirm that it is a member of a previously discovered subgroup in the Lower Centaurus Crux OB association, which we designate the Musca group. We derive an age of 11 ± 2 Myr for Musca, based on lithium, rotation, and the color-magnitude diagram of Musca members. The TESS data and ground-based follow-up show a deep (2.5%) transit. We use multiwavelength transit observations and radial velocities from the IGRINS spectrograph to validate the signal as planetary in nature, and we obtain an upper limit on the planet mass of ≃0.5 M J. Because such large planets are exceptionally rare around mature low-mass stars, we suggest that TOI 1227b is still contracting and will eventually turn into one of the more common <5 R planets.

KW - astro-ph.EP

KW - astro-ph.SR

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126466656&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/ac511d

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/ac511d

M3 - Article

VL - 163

JO - AJ

JF - AJ

IS - 4

M1 - 156

ER -

TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VI: an 11 Myr giant planet transiting a very low-mass star in Lower Centaurus Crux

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