TY - JOUR
T1 - Swift-BAT GUANO follow-up of gravitational-wave triggers in the third LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run
AU - The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
AU - Virgo Collaboration
AU - KAGRA Collaboration
AU - Bonino, A.
AU - Buscicchio, R.
AU - Carullo, G.
AU - Dmitriev, A.
AU - Heinze, J.
AU - Kolitsidou, P.
AU - Martynov, D.V.
AU - Middleton, H.
AU - Moore, C.J.
AU - Phukon, K.S.
AU - Pratten, G.
AU - Prokhorov, L.
AU - Schmidt, P.
AU - Smetana, J.
AU - Tiwari, V.
AU - Ubhi, A.S.
AU - Vecchio, A.
AU - Williams, N.S.
AU - Yan, T.
AU - Zhang, T.
AU - Raman, Gayathri
AU - Ronchini, Samuele
AU - Delaunay, James
AU - Tohuvavohu, Aaron
AU - Kennea, Jamie A.
AU - Parsotan, Tyler
AU - Ambrosi, Elena
AU - Bernardini, Maria Grazia
AU - Campana, Sergio
AU - Cusumano, Giancarlo C
AU - D'Aì, Antonino
AU - D'Avanzo, Paolo
AU - D’Elia, Valerio
AU - De Pasquale, Massimiliano
AU - Dichiara, Simone
AU - Evans, Phil
AU - Hartmann, Dieter
AU - Kuin, Paul
AU - Melandri, Andrea
AU - O’Brien, Paul
AU - Osborne, Julian P.
AU - Page, Kim L.
AU - Palmer, David M
AU - Sbarufatti, Boris
AU - Tagliaferri, Gianpiero
AU - Troja, Eleonora
PY - 2025/2/14
Y1 - 2025/2/14
N2 - We present results from a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) candidates from the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) network using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT). The search includes 636 GW candidates received in low latency, 86 of which have been confirmed by the offline analysis and included in the third cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogs (GWTC-3). Targeted searches were carried out on the entire GW sample using the maximum--likelihood NITRATES pipeline on the BAT data made available via the GUANO infrastructure. We do not detect any significant electromagnetic emission that is temporally and spatially coincident with any of the GW candidates. We report flux upper limits in the 15-350 keV band as a function of sky position for all the catalog candidates. For GW candidates where the Swift-BAT false alarm rate is less than 10−3 Hz, we compute the GW--BAT joint false alarm rate. Finally, the derived Swift-BAT upper limits are used to infer constraints on the putative electromagnetic emission associated with binary black hole mergers.
AB - We present results from a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts of gravitational-wave (GW) candidates from the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) network using the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (Swift-BAT). The search includes 636 GW candidates received in low latency, 86 of which have been confirmed by the offline analysis and included in the third cumulative Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogs (GWTC-3). Targeted searches were carried out on the entire GW sample using the maximum--likelihood NITRATES pipeline on the BAT data made available via the GUANO infrastructure. We do not detect any significant electromagnetic emission that is temporally and spatially coincident with any of the GW candidates. We report flux upper limits in the 15-350 keV band as a function of sky position for all the catalog candidates. For GW candidates where the Swift-BAT false alarm rate is less than 10−3 Hz, we compute the GW--BAT joint false alarm rate. Finally, the derived Swift-BAT upper limits are used to infer constraints on the putative electromagnetic emission associated with binary black hole mergers.
U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad9749
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad9749
M3 - Article
SN - 0004-637X
VL - 980
JO - The Astrophysical Journal
JF - The Astrophysical Journal
IS - 2
M1 - 207
ER -