Sustainable and self-sensing concrete

The majority of civil infrastructure is constructed using concrete materials and currently concrete production is at all time high resulting in significant carbon dioxide emissions. Furthermore, concrete structures have low tensile strength and low ductility increasing the risk of failure. Therefore concrete is currently neither environmentally nor economically sustainable. This experimental investigation has been highly promising in identifying an alternative solution to solve the sustainability issue regarding concrete. Our critical literature showed that there have been successful in identifying the most optimum solution to solve the issue of carbon dioxide emissions related to concrete production but concrete structures still lacks of self-monitoring ability for failure or any changes in the structure. This paper will identify the factors that influence the self-monitoring ability as mainly the conductive filler, fabrication and dispersion, which are the critical parameters. Experimental study has been carried out to identify the most environmentally sustainable solution with a minimum of 40MPa strength; over 30 concrete mixtures were tested for compressive strength at 28 days. We found that the R7.5S60SF mix with CNT (Carbon nano tubes) has the self-monitoring ability and reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 140kg per meter cubed of concrete produced in comparison to a meter cubed of ordinary Portland cement concrete