TY - JOUR
T1 - Supporting children's counterfactual thinking with alternative modes of responding.
AU - Beck, Sarah
AU - Carroll, D
AU - Brunsdon, Victoria
AU - Gryg, Charlotte
PY - 2011/1
Y1 - 2011/1
N2 - To speculate about counterfactual worlds, children need to ignore what they know to be true about the real world. Prior studies yielding individual differences data suggested that counterfactual thinking may be related to overcoming prepotent responses. In two experiments, we manipulated how 3- to 5-year-olds responded to counterfactual conditional and syllogism tasks. In Experiment 1 (N=39), children's performance improved on both conditional and syllogism tasks when they responded with an arrow rather than pointing with a finger. In Experiment 2 (N=42), 3- and 4-year-olds benefited from both an arrow manipulation and, separately, the introduction of a delay before responding. We suggest that both manipulations help children to overcome an impulsive prepotent response to counterfactual questions arising from a default assumption that information about the past is true.
AB - To speculate about counterfactual worlds, children need to ignore what they know to be true about the real world. Prior studies yielding individual differences data suggested that counterfactual thinking may be related to overcoming prepotent responses. In two experiments, we manipulated how 3- to 5-year-olds responded to counterfactual conditional and syllogism tasks. In Experiment 1 (N=39), children's performance improved on both conditional and syllogism tasks when they responded with an arrow rather than pointing with a finger. In Experiment 2 (N=42), 3- and 4-year-olds benefited from both an arrow manipulation and, separately, the introduction of a delay before responding. We suggest that both manipulations help children to overcome an impulsive prepotent response to counterfactual questions arising from a default assumption that information about the past is true.
U2 - 10.1016/j.jecp.2010.07.009
DO - 10.1016/j.jecp.2010.07.009
M3 - Article
C2 - 20817168
SN - 1096-0457
VL - 108
SP - 190
EP - 202
JO - Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
JF - Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
IS - 1
ER -