Solar Cycle Variations of GPS Amplitude Scintillation for the Polar Region

Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 amplitude data, obtained using the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) during the period 2008–2018, is used to study the seasonal and solar cycle dependence of high-latitude amplitude scintillation. The occurrence of amplitude scintillation is predominantly confined to the 10–18 magnetic local time (MLT) and 72–87° Altitude-Adjusted Corrected Geomagnetic (AACGM) sector and is a winter and equinoctial phenomenon. The occurrence of amplitude scintillation shows a clear seasonal and solar cycle dependence with a maximum value of ∼11% during the high solar activity early winter periods, and a secondary maximum in equinoctial months, and almost no occurrence during summer months. This pattern in occurrence suggests that amplitude scintillation is a phenomenon that is closely associated with the presence of patches and particle precipitation events.