SN 2019muj – a well-observed Type Iax supernova that bridges the luminosity gap of the class

Barnabás Barna; Tamás Szalai; Saurabh W Jha; Yssavo Camacho-Neves; Lindsey Kwok; Ryan J Foley; Charles D Kilpatrick; David A Coulter; Georgios Dimitriadis; Armin Rest; César Rojas-Bravo; Matthew R Siebert; Peter J Brown; Jamison Burke; Estefania Padilla Gonzalez; Daichi Hiramatsu; D Andrew Howell; Curtis McCully; Craig Pellegrino; Matthew Dobson; Stephen J Smartt; Jonathan J Swift; Holland Stacey; Mohammed Rahman; David J Sand; Jennifer Andrews; Samuel Wyatt; Eric Y Hsiao; Joseph P Anderson; Ting-Wan Chen; Massimo Della Valle; Lluís Galbany; Mariusz Gromadzki; Cosimo Inserra; Joe Lyman; Mark Magee; Kate Maguire; Tomás E Müller-Bravo; Matt Nicholl; Shubham Srivastav; Steven C Williams

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3543

SN 2019muj – a well-observed Type Iax supernova that bridges the luminosity gap of the class

Barnabás Barna, Tamás Szalai, Saurabh W Jha, Yssavo Camacho-Neves, Lindsey Kwok, Ryan J Foley, Charles D Kilpatrick, David A Coulter, Georgios Dimitriadis, Armin Rest, César Rojas-Bravo, Matthew R Siebert, Peter J Brown, Jamison Burke, Estefania Padilla Gonzalez, Daichi Hiramatsu, D Andrew Howell, Curtis McCully, Craig Pellegrino, Matthew DobsonStephen J Smartt, Jonathan J Swift, Holland Stacey, Mohammed Rahman, David J Sand, Jennifer Andrews, Samuel Wyatt, Eric Y Hsiao, Joseph P Anderson, Ting-Wan Chen, Massimo Della Valle, Lluís Galbany, Mariusz Gromadzki, Cosimo Inserra, Joe Lyman, Mark Magee, Kate Maguire, Tomás E Müller-Bravo, Matt Nicholl, Shubham Srivastav, Steven C Williams

Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

ABSTRACT We present early-time (t < +50 d) observations of SN 2019muj (=ASASSN-19tr), one of the best-observed members of the peculiar SN Iax class. Ultraviolet and optical photometric and optical and near-infrared spectroscopic follow-up started from ∼5 d before maximum light [tmax(B) on $58707.8$ MJD] and covers the photospheric phase. The early observations allow us to estimate the physical properties of the ejecta and characterize the possible divergence from a uniform chemical abundance structure. The estimated bolometric light-curve peaks at 1.05 × 1042 erg s−1 and indicates that only 0.031 M⊙ of 56Ni was produced, making SN 2019muj a moderate luminosity object in the Iax class with peak absolute magnitude of $M_\rm {V} = -16.4$ mag. The estimated date of explosion is t0 = $58698.2$ MJD and implies a short rise time of trise = 9.6 d in B band. We fit of the spectroscopic data by synthetic spectra, calculated via the radiative transfer code tardis. Adopting the partially stratified abundance template based on brighter SNe Iax provides a good match with SN 2019muj. However, without earlier spectra, the need for stratification cannot be stated in most of the elements, except carbon, which is allowed to appear in the outer layers only. SN 2019muj provides a unique opportunity to link extremely low-luminosity SNe Iax to well-studied, brighter SNe Iax.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1078-1099
Number of pages	22
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	501
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3543
Publication status	Published - Nov 2020

Keywords

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1093/mnras/staa3543

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Barna, B., Szalai, T., Jha, S. W., Camacho-Neves, Y., Kwok, L., Foley, R. J., Kilpatrick, C. D., Coulter, D. A., Dimitriadis, G., Rest, A., Rojas-Bravo, C., Siebert, M. R., Brown, P. J., Burke, J., Padilla Gonzalez, E., Hiramatsu, D., Howell, D. A., McCully, C., Pellegrino, C., ... Williams, S. C. (2020). SN 2019muj – a well-observed Type Iax supernova that bridges the luminosity gap of the class. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 501(1), 1078-1099. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3543

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title = "SN 2019muj – a well-observed Type Iax supernova that bridges the luminosity gap of the class",

abstract = "ABSTRACT We present early-time (t < +50 d) observations of SN 2019muj (=ASASSN-19tr), one of the best-observed members of the peculiar SN Iax class. Ultraviolet and optical photometric and optical and near-infrared spectroscopic follow-up started from ∼5 d before maximum light [tmax(B) on $58707.8$ MJD] and covers the photospheric phase. The early observations allow us to estimate the physical properties of the ejecta and characterize the possible divergence from a uniform chemical abundance structure. The estimated bolometric light-curve peaks at 1.05 × 1042 erg s−1 and indicates that only 0.031 M⊙ of 56Ni was produced, making SN 2019muj a moderate luminosity object in the Iax class with peak absolute magnitude of $M_\rm {V} = -16.4$ mag. The estimated date of explosion is t0 = $58698.2$ MJD and implies a short rise time of trise = 9.6 d in B band. We fit of the spectroscopic data by synthetic spectra, calculated via the radiative transfer code tardis. Adopting the partially stratified abundance template based on brighter SNe Iax provides a good match with SN 2019muj. However, without earlier spectra, the need for stratification cannot be stated in most of the elements, except carbon, which is allowed to appear in the outer layers only. SN 2019muj provides a unique opportunity to link extremely low-luminosity SNe Iax to well-studied, brighter SNe Iax.",

keywords = "Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science",

author = "Barnab{\'a}s Barna and Tam{\'a}s Szalai and Jha, {Saurabh W} and Yssavo Camacho-Neves and Lindsey Kwok and Foley, {Ryan J} and Kilpatrick, {Charles D} and Coulter, {David A} and Georgios Dimitriadis and Armin Rest and C{\'e}sar Rojas-Bravo and Siebert, {Matthew R} and Brown, {Peter J} and Jamison Burke and Estefania Padilla Gonzalez and Daichi Hiramatsu and Howell, {D Andrew} and Curtis McCully and Craig Pellegrino and Matthew Dobson and Smartt, {Stephen J} and Swift, {Jonathan J} and Holland Stacey and Mohammed Rahman and Sand, {David J} and Jennifer Andrews and Samuel Wyatt and Hsiao, {Eric Y} and Anderson, {Joseph P} and Ting-Wan Chen and Massimo Della Valle and Llu{\'i}s Galbany and Mariusz Gromadzki and Cosimo Inserra and Joe Lyman and Mark Magee and Kate Maguire and M{\"u}ller-Bravo, {Tom{\'a}s E} and Matt Nicholl and Shubham Srivastav and Williams, {Steven C}",

year = "2020",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1093/mnras/staa3543",

language = "English",

volume = "501",

pages = "1078--1099",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "SIPRI/Oxford University Press",

number = "1",

}

Barna, B, Szalai, T, Jha, SW, Camacho-Neves, Y, Kwok, L, Foley, RJ, Kilpatrick, CD, Coulter, DA, Dimitriadis, G, Rest, A, Rojas-Bravo, C, Siebert, MR, Brown, PJ, Burke, J, Padilla Gonzalez, E, Hiramatsu, D, Howell, DA, McCully, C, Pellegrino, C, Dobson, M, Smartt, SJ, Swift, JJ, Stacey, H, Rahman, M, Sand, DJ, Andrews, J, Wyatt, S, Hsiao, EY, Anderson, JP, Chen, T-W, Della Valle, M, Galbany, L, Gromadzki, M, Inserra, C, Lyman, J, Magee, M, Maguire, K, Müller-Bravo, TE, Nicholl, M, Srivastav, S & Williams, SC 2020, 'SN 2019muj – a well-observed Type Iax supernova that bridges the luminosity gap of the class', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 501, no. 1, pp. 1078-1099. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3543

TY - JOUR

T1 - SN 2019muj – a well-observed Type Iax supernova that bridges the luminosity gap of the class

AU - Barna, Barnabás

AU - Szalai, Tamás

AU - Jha, Saurabh W

AU - Camacho-Neves, Yssavo

AU - Kwok, Lindsey

AU - Foley, Ryan J

AU - Kilpatrick, Charles D

AU - Coulter, David A

AU - Dimitriadis, Georgios

AU - Rest, Armin

AU - Rojas-Bravo, César

AU - Siebert, Matthew R

AU - Brown, Peter J

AU - Burke, Jamison

AU - Padilla Gonzalez, Estefania

AU - Hiramatsu, Daichi

AU - Howell, D Andrew

AU - McCully, Curtis

AU - Pellegrino, Craig

AU - Dobson, Matthew

AU - Smartt, Stephen J

AU - Swift, Jonathan J

AU - Stacey, Holland

AU - Rahman, Mohammed

AU - Sand, David J

AU - Andrews, Jennifer

AU - Wyatt, Samuel

AU - Hsiao, Eric Y

AU - Anderson, Joseph P

AU - Chen, Ting-Wan

AU - Della Valle, Massimo

AU - Galbany, Lluís

AU - Gromadzki, Mariusz

AU - Inserra, Cosimo

AU - Lyman, Joe

AU - Magee, Mark

AU - Maguire, Kate

AU - Müller-Bravo, Tomás E

AU - Nicholl, Matt

AU - Srivastav, Shubham

AU - Williams, Steven C

PY - 2020/11

Y1 - 2020/11

N2 - ABSTRACT We present early-time (t < +50 d) observations of SN 2019muj (=ASASSN-19tr), one of the best-observed members of the peculiar SN Iax class. Ultraviolet and optical photometric and optical and near-infrared spectroscopic follow-up started from ∼5 d before maximum light [tmax(B) on $58707.8$ MJD] and covers the photospheric phase. The early observations allow us to estimate the physical properties of the ejecta and characterize the possible divergence from a uniform chemical abundance structure. The estimated bolometric light-curve peaks at 1.05 × 1042 erg s−1 and indicates that only 0.031 M⊙ of 56Ni was produced, making SN 2019muj a moderate luminosity object in the Iax class with peak absolute magnitude of $M_\rm {V} = -16.4$ mag. The estimated date of explosion is t0 = $58698.2$ MJD and implies a short rise time of trise = 9.6 d in B band. We fit of the spectroscopic data by synthetic spectra, calculated via the radiative transfer code tardis. Adopting the partially stratified abundance template based on brighter SNe Iax provides a good match with SN 2019muj. However, without earlier spectra, the need for stratification cannot be stated in most of the elements, except carbon, which is allowed to appear in the outer layers only. SN 2019muj provides a unique opportunity to link extremely low-luminosity SNe Iax to well-studied, brighter SNe Iax.

AB - ABSTRACT We present early-time (t < +50 d) observations of SN 2019muj (=ASASSN-19tr), one of the best-observed members of the peculiar SN Iax class. Ultraviolet and optical photometric and optical and near-infrared spectroscopic follow-up started from ∼5 d before maximum light [tmax(B) on $58707.8$ MJD] and covers the photospheric phase. The early observations allow us to estimate the physical properties of the ejecta and characterize the possible divergence from a uniform chemical abundance structure. The estimated bolometric light-curve peaks at 1.05 × 1042 erg s−1 and indicates that only 0.031 M⊙ of 56Ni was produced, making SN 2019muj a moderate luminosity object in the Iax class with peak absolute magnitude of $M_\rm {V} = -16.4$ mag. The estimated date of explosion is t0 = $58698.2$ MJD and implies a short rise time of trise = 9.6 d in B band. We fit of the spectroscopic data by synthetic spectra, calculated via the radiative transfer code tardis. Adopting the partially stratified abundance template based on brighter SNe Iax provides a good match with SN 2019muj. However, without earlier spectra, the need for stratification cannot be stated in most of the elements, except carbon, which is allowed to appear in the outer layers only. SN 2019muj provides a unique opportunity to link extremely low-luminosity SNe Iax to well-studied, brighter SNe Iax.

KW - Astronomy and Astrophysics

KW - Space and Planetary Science

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/staa3543

DO - 10.1093/mnras/staa3543

M3 - Article

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 501

SP - 1078

EP - 1099

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 1

ER -

SN 2019muj – a well-observed Type Iax supernova that bridges the luminosity gap of the class

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