Smoking cessation and survival in lung, upper aero-digestive tract and bladder cancer: cohort study

Background
The aim was to examine the association between smoking cessation and prognosis in smoking-related cancer as it is unclear that cessation reduces mortality.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study from 1999 to 2013, we assessed the association between cessation during the first year after diagnosis and all-cause and cancer-specific mortality.

Results
Of 2,882 lung, 757 upper aero-digestive tract and 1,733 bladder cancer patients 27%, 29% and 21% of lung, UAT and bladder cancer patients quit smoking. In lung cancer patients that quit, all-cause mortality was significantly lower (HR 0.82 (0.74-0.92), while cancer-specific mortality (HR 0.89 (0.76-1.04) and death due to index cancer (HR 0.90 (0.77-1.05) were non-significantly lower. In UAT cancer, all-cause mortality (HR 0.81 (0.58-1.14), cancer-specific mortality (HR 0.84 (0.48-1.45), and death due to index cancer (HR 0.75 (0.42-1.34) were non-significantly lower. There was no evidence of an association between quitting and mortality in bladder cancer. The HRs were 1.02 (0.81-1.30) for all-cause, 1.23 (0.81-1.86) for cancer specific, and 1.25 (0.71-2.20) for death due to index cancer. These showed a non-significantly lower risk in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion
People with lung and possibly UAT cancer who quit smoking have a lower risk of mortality than people who continue smoking.