Abstract
The distribution of trade-embodied carbon emissions has frequently been a contestation in international climate negotiations. The proposed shared responsibility approach developed by Jakob et al. (2021) is based on economic benefits derived from generating emissions without paying for associated social costs, which are represented by the carbon price. The impacts of the real tariffs on economic benefits were not considered. Here, we improve the proposed approach by introducing the real import and export tariffs and using tariff and elasticity data specified at both country- and sector-level. We re-investigate the responsibility for trade-embodied carbon emissions sharing between 141 economies for 2017. Results show that the improved shared responsibility approach leads to a less extreme distribution of responsibility among countries. The top three emitters, China, the EU27, and the USA, were allocated 939, 761, and 702 million tons of trade-embodied carbon emissions that are 32% below, 39% above, and 50% above production-based emissions and 62% above, 17% below, and 33% below consumption-based emissions, respectively. Furthermore, we investigate the impacts of introducing tariffs and raising carbon prices on responsibility distribution and find that both will increase import-embodied responsibility and decrease export-embodied responsibility and thus favor net exporters of carbon emissions.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 108162 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Ecological Economics |
Volume | 220 |
Early online date | 13 Mar 2024 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jun 2024 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 72271026 , 72293601 , 71871022 , 72125010 , 72243011 , 72243004 , 71974186 ), the Joint Development Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education , the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals, the China Scholarship Council, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Peking University), The United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI) Research England QR policy support fund (PSF-16), and the High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Keywords
- Economic benefit
- Input-output analysis
- Shared responsibility
- Trade-embodied carbon emissions
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Environmental Science
- Economics and Econometrics