Rare case of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in two patients with α-1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiSZ)

Jordan Moxey, Emma Low, Alice Turner

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Abstract

We present two cases of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis occurring with α-1-antitrypsin deficiency, both PiSZ phenotype. The simultaneous occurrence of these two conditions has seldom been described in the literature, despite evidence of an association between α-1-antitrypsin deficiency and other forms of vasculitis. Both patients had pulmonary involvement and reported intermittent exacerbations of vasculitic symptoms. Both patients were managed on low-dose oral steroids and azathioprine remaining well with occasional exacerbations. It is important to consider whether there is an association between eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and α-1-antitrypsin deficiency, as this may lead to more severe pulmonary symptoms during exacerbations. If a genetic association between the two conditions is found, clinicians should be aware of the possible need to screen for α-1-antitrypsin deficiency in appropriate patients.
Original languageEnglish
Article numberbcr-2015-214118
JournalBMJ case reports
Early online date26 Apr 2016
DOIs
Publication statusE-pub ahead of print - 26 Apr 2016

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