Quantifying factors affecting contributions of roadway exhaust and non-exhaust emissions to ambient PM10–2.5 and PM2.5–0.2 particles

Vasileios N. Matthaios; Joy Lawrence; Marco A.G. Martins; Stephen T. Ferguson; Jack M. Wolfson; Roy M. Harrison; Petros Koutrakis

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155368

Quantifying factors affecting contributions of roadway exhaust and non-exhaust emissions to ambient PM₁₀_–_2.5 and PM_2.5_–_0.2 particles

Vasileios N. Matthaios^*, Joy Lawrence, Marco A.G. Martins, Stephen T. Ferguson, Jack M. Wolfson, Roy M. Harrison, Petros Koutrakis

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) plays an important role in urban air pollution. However, sources of urban pollution are difficult to distinguish. This study utilises a mobile particle concentrator platform and statistical tools to investigate factors affecting roadway ambient coarse particle (PM₁₀_–_2.5) and fine particle (PM_2.5_–_0.2) concentrations in greater Boston, USA. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified six PM₁₀_–_2.5 sources (exhaust, road salt, brake wear, regional pollution, road dust resuspension and tyre-road abrasion) and seven fine particle sources. The seven PM_2.5_–_0.2 sources include the six PM₁₀_–_2.5 sources and a source rich in Cr and Ni. Non- exhaust traffic-related sources together accounted for 65.6% and 29.1% of the PM₁₀_–_2.5 and PM_2.5_–_0.2 mass, respectively. While the respective contributions of exhaust sources were 10.4% and 20.7%. The biggest non-exhaust contributor in the PM₁₀_–_2.5 was road dust resuspension, accounting for 29.6%, while for the PM_2.5_–_0.2, the biggest non-exhaust source was road-tyre abrasion, accounting for 12.3%. We used stepwise general additive models (sGAMs) and found statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects of temperature, number of vehicles and rush hour periods on exhaust, brake wear, road dust resuspension and road-tyre abrasion with relative importance between 19.1 and 62.2%, 12.5–42.1% and 4.4–42.2% of the sGAM model's explained variability. Speed limit and road type were also important factors for exhaust, road-tyre and brake wear sources. Meteorological variables of wind speed and relative humidity were significantly associated with both coarse and fine road dust resuspension and had a combined relative importance of 38% and 48%. The quantifying results of the factors that influence traffic-related sources can offer key insights to policies aiming to improve near-road air quality.

Original language	English
Article number	155368
Number of pages	10
Journal	Science of the Total Environment
Volume	835
Early online date	21 Apr 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155368
Publication status	Published - 20 Aug 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Research described in this article was conducted under contract to the Health Effects Institute (HEI), an organization jointly funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) (Assistance Award No. CR-83467701 ) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI, or its sponsors, nor do they necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. This publication was made possible by U.S. EPA grant RD-83587201 . Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. EPA. Further, U.S. EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. VNM was further supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 895851 .

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Air quality
Non-exhaust
Particulate matter
Road traffic
Source apportionment

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Environmental Engineering
Environmental Chemistry
Waste Management and Disposal
Pollution

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

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Cite this

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title = "Quantifying factors affecting contributions of roadway exhaust and non-exhaust emissions to ambient PM10–2.5 and PM2.5–0.2 particles",

abstract = "Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) plays an important role in urban air pollution. However, sources of urban pollution are difficult to distinguish. This study utilises a mobile particle concentrator platform and statistical tools to investigate factors affecting roadway ambient coarse particle (PM10–2.5) and fine particle (PM2.5–0.2) concentrations in greater Boston, USA. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified six PM10–2.5 sources (exhaust, road salt, brake wear, regional pollution, road dust resuspension and tyre-road abrasion) and seven fine particle sources. The seven PM2.5–0.2 sources include the six PM10–2.5 sources and a source rich in Cr and Ni. Non- exhaust traffic-related sources together accounted for 65.6% and 29.1% of the PM10–2.5 and PM2.5–0.2 mass, respectively. While the respective contributions of exhaust sources were 10.4% and 20.7%. The biggest non-exhaust contributor in the PM10–2.5 was road dust resuspension, accounting for 29.6%, while for the PM2.5–0.2, the biggest non-exhaust source was road-tyre abrasion, accounting for 12.3%. We used stepwise general additive models (sGAMs) and found statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects of temperature, number of vehicles and rush hour periods on exhaust, brake wear, road dust resuspension and road-tyre abrasion with relative importance between 19.1 and 62.2%, 12.5–42.1% and 4.4–42.2% of the sGAM model's explained variability. Speed limit and road type were also important factors for exhaust, road-tyre and brake wear sources. Meteorological variables of wind speed and relative humidity were significantly associated with both coarse and fine road dust resuspension and had a combined relative importance of 38% and 48%. The quantifying results of the factors that influence traffic-related sources can offer key insights to policies aiming to improve near-road air quality.",

keywords = "Air quality, Non-exhaust, Particulate matter, Road traffic, Source apportionment",

author = "Matthaios, {Vasileios N.} and Joy Lawrence and Martins, {Marco A.G.} and Ferguson, {Stephen T.} and Wolfson, {Jack M.} and Harrison, {Roy M.} and Petros Koutrakis",

note = "Funding Information: Research described in this article was conducted under contract to the Health Effects Institute (HEI), an organization jointly funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) (Assistance Award No. CR-83467701 ) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI, or its sponsors, nor do they necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. This publication was made possible by U.S. EPA grant RD-83587201 . Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. EPA. Further, U.S. EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. VNM was further supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 895851 . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier B.V.",

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AU - Martins, Marco A.G.

AU - Ferguson, Stephen T.

AU - Wolfson, Jack M.

AU - Harrison, Roy M.

AU - Koutrakis, Petros

N1 - Funding Information: Research described in this article was conducted under contract to the Health Effects Institute (HEI), an organization jointly funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) (Assistance Award No. CR-83467701 ) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI, or its sponsors, nor do they necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. This publication was made possible by U.S. EPA grant RD-83587201 . Its contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. EPA. Further, U.S. EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. VNM was further supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 895851 . Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2022/8/20

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N2 - Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) plays an important role in urban air pollution. However, sources of urban pollution are difficult to distinguish. This study utilises a mobile particle concentrator platform and statistical tools to investigate factors affecting roadway ambient coarse particle (PM10–2.5) and fine particle (PM2.5–0.2) concentrations in greater Boston, USA. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified six PM10–2.5 sources (exhaust, road salt, brake wear, regional pollution, road dust resuspension and tyre-road abrasion) and seven fine particle sources. The seven PM2.5–0.2 sources include the six PM10–2.5 sources and a source rich in Cr and Ni. Non- exhaust traffic-related sources together accounted for 65.6% and 29.1% of the PM10–2.5 and PM2.5–0.2 mass, respectively. While the respective contributions of exhaust sources were 10.4% and 20.7%. The biggest non-exhaust contributor in the PM10–2.5 was road dust resuspension, accounting for 29.6%, while for the PM2.5–0.2, the biggest non-exhaust source was road-tyre abrasion, accounting for 12.3%. We used stepwise general additive models (sGAMs) and found statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects of temperature, number of vehicles and rush hour periods on exhaust, brake wear, road dust resuspension and road-tyre abrasion with relative importance between 19.1 and 62.2%, 12.5–42.1% and 4.4–42.2% of the sGAM model's explained variability. Speed limit and road type were also important factors for exhaust, road-tyre and brake wear sources. Meteorological variables of wind speed and relative humidity were significantly associated with both coarse and fine road dust resuspension and had a combined relative importance of 38% and 48%. The quantifying results of the factors that influence traffic-related sources can offer key insights to policies aiming to improve near-road air quality.

AB - Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) plays an important role in urban air pollution. However, sources of urban pollution are difficult to distinguish. This study utilises a mobile particle concentrator platform and statistical tools to investigate factors affecting roadway ambient coarse particle (PM10–2.5) and fine particle (PM2.5–0.2) concentrations in greater Boston, USA. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified six PM10–2.5 sources (exhaust, road salt, brake wear, regional pollution, road dust resuspension and tyre-road abrasion) and seven fine particle sources. The seven PM2.5–0.2 sources include the six PM10–2.5 sources and a source rich in Cr and Ni. Non- exhaust traffic-related sources together accounted for 65.6% and 29.1% of the PM10–2.5 and PM2.5–0.2 mass, respectively. While the respective contributions of exhaust sources were 10.4% and 20.7%. The biggest non-exhaust contributor in the PM10–2.5 was road dust resuspension, accounting for 29.6%, while for the PM2.5–0.2, the biggest non-exhaust source was road-tyre abrasion, accounting for 12.3%. We used stepwise general additive models (sGAMs) and found statistically significant (p < 0.05) effects of temperature, number of vehicles and rush hour periods on exhaust, brake wear, road dust resuspension and road-tyre abrasion with relative importance between 19.1 and 62.2%, 12.5–42.1% and 4.4–42.2% of the sGAM model's explained variability. Speed limit and road type were also important factors for exhaust, road-tyre and brake wear sources. Meteorological variables of wind speed and relative humidity were significantly associated with both coarse and fine road dust resuspension and had a combined relative importance of 38% and 48%. The quantifying results of the factors that influence traffic-related sources can offer key insights to policies aiming to improve near-road air quality.

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