Pyrithiones as antifoulants: environmental fate and loss of toxicity

Agriculture & Biology

• pyrithiones 100%
• antifouling agents 80%
• environmental fate 76%
• zinc pyrithione 61%
• sediments 39%
• seawater 38%
• toxicity 35%
• degradation 31%
• pyridines 30%
• sulfonic acids 29%
• bioassays 20%
• copper pyrithione 18%
• growth retardation 14%
• Amphora 13%
• no observed adverse effect level 11%
• photolysis 10%
• toxicity testing 9%
• Bacillariophyceae 8%
• water 7%
• carbon dioxide 6%
• hydrolysis 6%
• metabolism 5%
• dosage 4%

Medicine & Life Sciences

• pyrithione 96%
• pyrithione zinc 74%
• Seawater 67%
• Sulfonic Acids 41%
• pyridine 40%
• Biological Assay 32%
• copper pyrithione 23%
• Diatoms 16%
• Photolysis 14%
• Light 14%
• Water 13%
• Carbon Dioxide 10%
• Growth 10%
• Hydrolysis 9%
• Poisons 7%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• environmental fate 64%
• toxicity 38%
• seawater 37%
• zinc 33%
• bioassay 32%
• loss 27%
• degradation 27%
• sediment 24%
• degradation product 23%
• microcosm 21%
• acid 19%
• antifouling 12%
• photolysis 11%
• rate 10%
• hydrolysis 9%
• diatom 9%
• metabolism 8%
• carbon dioxide 8%
• dose 7%
• copper 7%
• water 6%
• exposure 5%
• effect 4%