Prevalence and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Phan Ai Ping; Rosnani Zakaria; Md Asiful Islam; Lili Husniati Yaacob; Rosediani Muhamad; Wan Mohamad Zahiruddin Wan Mohamad; Harmy Mohamed Yusoff

doi:10.3390/ijerph18010305

Prevalence and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Phan Ai Ping, Rosnani Zakaria^*, Md Asiful Islam, Lili Husniati Yaacob, Rosediani Muhamad, Wan Mohamad Zahiruddin Wan Mohamad, Harmy Mohamed Yusoff

^*Corresponding author for this work

Metabolism and Systems Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and tuberculosis (TB) together impose a high disease burden in terms of both mortality and health economics worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of latent TB infection (LTBI) in patients with T2DM in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was performed, and adult T2DM patients (n = 299) were included. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the LTBI-associated risk factors in patients with T2DM. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between T2DM and LTBI and was adjusted for potential confounders. The prevalence of LTBI in patients with T2DM was 11.4% (95% CI: 8.0–15.0%). There was no significant difference in the socio-demographic characteristics between LTBI and non-LTBI subjects. No significant difference in the smoking status, the duration of smoking, and the duration of T2DM, HbA1c, or treatments was observed. Interestingly, a higher level of education was observed to be associated with a lower prevalence of LTBI in T2DM patients (aOR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01–0.70, p = 0.02). Although the prevalence of LTBI in T2DM was low, it is important to screen for it in T2DM patients due to the risk of developing severe active TB.

Original language	English
Article number	305
Number of pages	8
Journal	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Volume	18
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010305
Publication status	Published - 4 Jan 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was funded by the Universiti Sains Malaysia short term grant 304/ PPSP/61313027. We would like to thank Mat Zuki Mat Jaeb (Respiratory Physician) and Siti Suraiya Noor (Microbiologist) for their supports in this research.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Keywords

Latent tuberculosis infection
Prevalence
Risk factors
Tuberculin skin test
Type 2 diabetes mellitus

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Pollution
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/ijerph18010305Licence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

PingP2021PrevalenceFinal published version, 298 KBLicence: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY)

Cite this

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title = "Prevalence and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)",

abstract = "Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and tuberculosis (TB) together impose a high disease burden in terms of both mortality and health economics worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of latent TB infection (LTBI) in patients with T2DM in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was performed, and adult T2DM patients (n = 299) were included. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the LTBI-associated risk factors in patients with T2DM. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between T2DM and LTBI and was adjusted for potential confounders. The prevalence of LTBI in patients with T2DM was 11.4% (95% CI: 8.0–15.0%). There was no significant difference in the socio-demographic characteristics between LTBI and non-LTBI subjects. No significant difference in the smoking status, the duration of smoking, and the duration of T2DM, HbA1c, or treatments was observed. Interestingly, a higher level of education was observed to be associated with a lower prevalence of LTBI in T2DM patients (aOR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01–0.70, p = 0.02). Although the prevalence of LTBI in T2DM was low, it is important to screen for it in T2DM patients due to the risk of developing severe active TB.",

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author = "Ping, {Phan Ai} and Rosnani Zakaria and Islam, {Md Asiful} and Yaacob, {Lili Husniati} and Rosediani Muhamad and Mohamad, {Wan Mohamad Zahiruddin Wan} and Yusoff, {Harmy Mohamed}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was funded by the Universiti Sains Malaysia short term grant 304/ PPSP/61313027. We would like to thank Mat Zuki Mat Jaeb (Respiratory Physician) and Siti Suraiya Noor (Microbiologist) for their supports in this research. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.",

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AU - Muhamad, Rosediani

AU - Mohamad, Wan Mohamad Zahiruddin Wan

AU - Yusoff, Harmy Mohamed

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ER -

Prevalence and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

Access to Document

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Cite this