Precise transit and radial-velocity characterization of a resonant pair: The warm Jupiter TOI-216c and eccentric warm Neptune TOI-216b

Rebekah I. Dawson; Chelsea X. Huang; Rafael Brahm; Karen A. Collins; Melissa J. Hobson; Andrés Jordán; Jiayin Dong; Judith Korth; Trifon Trifonov; Lyu Abe; Abdelkrim Agabi; Ivan Bruni; R. Paul Butler; Mauro Barbieri; Kevin I. Collins; Dennis M. Conti; Jeffrey D. Crane; Nicolas Crouzet; Georgina Dransfield; Phil Evans; Néstor Espinoza; Tianjun Gan; Tristan Guillot; Thomas Henning; Jack J. Lissauer; Eric L. N. Jensen; Wenceslas Marie Sainte; Djamel Mékarnia; Gordon Myers; Sangeetha Nandakumar; Howard M. Relles; Paula Sarkis; Pascal Torres; Stephen Shectman; François-Xavier Schmider; Avi Shporer; Chris Stockdale; Johanna Teske; Amaury H. M. J. Triaud; Sharon Xuesong Wang; Carl Ziegler; G. Ricker; R. Vanderspek; David W. Latham; S. Seager; J. Winn; Jon M. Jenkins; L. G. Bouma; Jennifer A. Burt; David Charbonneau; Alan M. Levine; Scott McDermott; Brian McLean; Mark E. Rose; Andrew Vanderburg; Bill Wohler

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abd8d0

Precise transit and radial-velocity characterization of a resonant pair: The warm Jupiter TOI-216c and eccentric warm Neptune TOI-216b

Rebekah I. Dawson, Chelsea X. Huang, Rafael Brahm, Karen A. Collins, Melissa J. Hobson, Andrés Jordán, Jiayin Dong, Judith Korth, Trifon Trifonov, Lyu Abe, Abdelkrim Agabi, Ivan Bruni, R. Paul Butler, Mauro Barbieri, Kevin I. Collins, Dennis M. Conti, Jeffrey D. Crane, Nicolas Crouzet, Georgina Dransfield, Phil EvansNéstor Espinoza, Tianjun Gan, Tristan Guillot, Thomas Henning, Jack J. Lissauer, Eric L. N. Jensen, Wenceslas Marie Sainte, Djamel Mékarnia, Gordon Myers, Sangeetha Nandakumar, Howard M. Relles, Paula Sarkis, Pascal Torres, Stephen Shectman, François-Xavier Schmider, Avi Shporer, Chris Stockdale, Johanna Teske, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Sharon Xuesong Wang, Carl Ziegler, G. Ricker, R. Vanderspek, David W. Latham, S. Seager, J. Winn, Jon M. Jenkins, L. G. Bouma, Jennifer A. Burt, David Charbonneau, Alan M. Levine, Scott McDermott, Brian McLean, Mark E. Rose, Andrew Vanderburg, Bill Wohler

Physics and Astronomy

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Abstract

TOI-216 hosts a pair of warm, large exoplanets discovered by the TESS mission. These planets were found to be in or near the 2:1 resonance, and both of them exhibit transit timing variations (TTVs). Precise characterization of the planets’ masses and radii, orbital properties, and resonant behavior can test theories for the origins of planets orbiting close to their stars. Previous characterization of the system using the first six sectors of TESS data suffered from a degeneracy between planet mass and orbital eccentricity. Radial-velocity measurements using HARPS, FEROS, and the Planet Finder Spectrograph break that degeneracy, and an expanded TTV baseline from TESS and an ongoing ground-based transit observing campaign increase the precision of the mass and eccentricity measurements. We determine that TOI-216c is a warm Jupiter, TOI-216b is an eccentric warm Neptune, and that they librate in 2:1 resonance with a moderate libration amplitude of 60 _- ⁺ ₂ ² deg, a small but significant free eccentricity of 0.0222 _- ⁺ _0.0003 ^0.0005 for TOI-216b, and a small but significant mutual inclination of 1°.2–3°.9 (95% confidence interval). The libration amplitude, free eccentricity, and mutual inclination imply a disturbance of TOI-216b before or after resonance capture, perhaps by an undetected third planet.

Original language	English
Article number	abd8d0
Journal	The Astronomical Journal
Volume	161
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abd8d0
Publication status	Published - 4 Mar 2021

Keywords

exoplanet astronomy
exoplanet dynamics
transit timing variation method
radial velocity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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Dawson, R.I. et al., 2021. Precise Transit and Radial-velocity Characterization of a Resonant Pair: The Warm Jupiter TOI-216c and Eccentric Warm Neptune TOI-216b. The Astronomical Journal, 161(4), p.161. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abd8d0.
Accepted author manuscript, 4.85 MBLicence: None: All rights reserved

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Dawson, R. I., Huang, C. X., Brahm, R., Collins, K. A., Hobson, M. J., Jordán, A., Dong, J., Korth, J., Trifonov, T., Abe, L., Agabi, A., Bruni, I., Butler, R. P., Barbieri, M., Collins, K. I., Conti, D. M., Crane, J. D., Crouzet, N., Dransfield, G., ... Wohler, B. (2021). Precise transit and radial-velocity characterization of a resonant pair: The warm Jupiter TOI-216c and eccentric warm Neptune TOI-216b. The Astronomical Journal, 161(4), Article abd8d0. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abd8d0

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title = "Precise transit and radial-velocity characterization of a resonant pair: The warm Jupiter TOI-216c and eccentric warm Neptune TOI-216b",

abstract = "TOI-216 hosts a pair of warm, large exoplanets discovered by the TESS mission. These planets were found to be in or near the 2:1 resonance, and both of them exhibit transit timing variations (TTVs). Precise characterization of the planets{\textquoteright} masses and radii, orbital properties, and resonant behavior can test theories for the origins of planets orbiting close to their stars. Previous characterization of the system using the first six sectors of TESS data suffered from a degeneracy between planet mass and orbital eccentricity. Radial-velocity measurements using HARPS, FEROS, and the Planet Finder Spectrograph break that degeneracy, and an expanded TTV baseline from TESS and an ongoing ground-based transit observing campaign increase the precision of the mass and eccentricity measurements. We determine that TOI-216c is a warm Jupiter, TOI-216b is an eccentric warm Neptune, and that they librate in 2:1 resonance with a moderate libration amplitude of 60 - + 2 2 deg, a small but significant free eccentricity of 0.0222 - + 0.0003 0.0005 for TOI-216b, and a small but significant mutual inclination of 1°.2–3°.9 (95% confidence interval). The libration amplitude, free eccentricity, and mutual inclination imply a disturbance of TOI-216b before or after resonance capture, perhaps by an undetected third planet. ",

keywords = "exoplanet astronomy, exoplanet dynamics, transit timing variation method, radial velocity",

author = "Dawson, {Rebekah I.} and Huang, {Chelsea X.} and Rafael Brahm and Collins, {Karen A.} and Hobson, {Melissa J.} and Andr{\'e}s Jord{\'a}n and Jiayin Dong and Judith Korth and Trifon Trifonov and Lyu Abe and Abdelkrim Agabi and Ivan Bruni and Butler, {R. Paul} and Mauro Barbieri and Collins, {Kevin I.} and Conti, {Dennis M.} and Crane, {Jeffrey D.} and Nicolas Crouzet and Georgina Dransfield and Phil Evans and N{\'e}stor Espinoza and Tianjun Gan and Tristan Guillot and Thomas Henning and Lissauer, {Jack J.} and Jensen, {Eric L. N.} and Sainte, {Wenceslas Marie} and Djamel M{\'e}karnia and Gordon Myers and Sangeetha Nandakumar and Relles, {Howard M.} and Paula Sarkis and Pascal Torres and Stephen Shectman and Fran{\c c}ois-Xavier Schmider and Avi Shporer and Chris Stockdale and Johanna Teske and Triaud, {Amaury H. M. J.} and Wang, {Sharon Xuesong} and Carl Ziegler and G. Ricker and R. Vanderspek and Latham, {David W.} and S. Seager and J. Winn and Jenkins, {Jon M.} and Bouma, {L. G.} and Burt, {Jennifer A.} and David Charbonneau and Levine, {Alan M.} and Scott McDermott and Brian McLean and Rose, {Mark E.} and Andrew Vanderburg and Bill Wohler",

year = "2021",

month = mar,

day = "4",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/abd8d0",

language = "English",

volume = "161",

journal = "The Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "4",

}

Dawson, RI, Huang, CX, Brahm, R, Collins, KA, Hobson, MJ, Jordán, A, Dong, J, Korth, J, Trifonov, T, Abe, L, Agabi, A, Bruni, I, Butler, RP, Barbieri, M, Collins, KI, Conti, DM, Crane, JD, Crouzet, N, Dransfield, G, Evans, P, Espinoza, N, Gan, T, Guillot, T, Henning, T, Lissauer, JJ, Jensen, ELN, Sainte, WM, Mékarnia, D, Myers, G, Nandakumar, S, Relles, HM, Sarkis, P, Torres, P, Shectman, S, Schmider, F-X, Shporer, A, Stockdale, C, Teske, J, Triaud, AHMJ, Wang, SX, Ziegler, C, Ricker, G, Vanderspek, R, Latham, DW, Seager, S, Winn, J, Jenkins, JM, Bouma, LG, Burt, JA, Charbonneau, D, Levine, AM, McDermott, S, McLean, B, Rose, ME, Vanderburg, A & Wohler, B 2021, 'Precise transit and radial-velocity characterization of a resonant pair: The warm Jupiter TOI-216c and eccentric warm Neptune TOI-216b', The Astronomical Journal, vol. 161, no. 4, abd8d0. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/abd8d0

TY - JOUR

T1 - Precise transit and radial-velocity characterization of a resonant pair

T2 - The warm Jupiter TOI-216c and eccentric warm Neptune TOI-216b

AU - Dawson, Rebekah I.

AU - Huang, Chelsea X.

AU - Brahm, Rafael

AU - Collins, Karen A.

AU - Hobson, Melissa J.

AU - Jordán, Andrés

AU - Dong, Jiayin

AU - Korth, Judith

AU - Trifonov, Trifon

AU - Abe, Lyu

AU - Agabi, Abdelkrim

AU - Bruni, Ivan

AU - Butler, R. Paul

AU - Barbieri, Mauro

AU - Collins, Kevin I.

AU - Conti, Dennis M.

AU - Crane, Jeffrey D.

AU - Crouzet, Nicolas

AU - Dransfield, Georgina

AU - Evans, Phil

AU - Espinoza, Néstor

AU - Gan, Tianjun

AU - Guillot, Tristan

AU - Henning, Thomas

AU - Lissauer, Jack J.

AU - Jensen, Eric L. N.

AU - Sainte, Wenceslas Marie

AU - Mékarnia, Djamel

AU - Myers, Gordon

AU - Nandakumar, Sangeetha

AU - Relles, Howard M.

AU - Sarkis, Paula

AU - Torres, Pascal

AU - Shectman, Stephen

AU - Schmider, François-Xavier

AU - Shporer, Avi

AU - Stockdale, Chris

AU - Teske, Johanna

AU - Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.

AU - Wang, Sharon Xuesong

AU - Ziegler, Carl

AU - Ricker, G.

AU - Vanderspek, R.

AU - Latham, David W.

AU - Seager, S.

AU - Winn, J.

AU - Jenkins, Jon M.

AU - Bouma, L. G.

AU - Burt, Jennifer A.

AU - Charbonneau, David

AU - Levine, Alan M.

AU - McDermott, Scott

AU - McLean, Brian

AU - Rose, Mark E.

AU - Vanderburg, Andrew

AU - Wohler, Bill

PY - 2021/3/4

Y1 - 2021/3/4

N2 - TOI-216 hosts a pair of warm, large exoplanets discovered by the TESS mission. These planets were found to be in or near the 2:1 resonance, and both of them exhibit transit timing variations (TTVs). Precise characterization of the planets’ masses and radii, orbital properties, and resonant behavior can test theories for the origins of planets orbiting close to their stars. Previous characterization of the system using the first six sectors of TESS data suffered from a degeneracy between planet mass and orbital eccentricity. Radial-velocity measurements using HARPS, FEROS, and the Planet Finder Spectrograph break that degeneracy, and an expanded TTV baseline from TESS and an ongoing ground-based transit observing campaign increase the precision of the mass and eccentricity measurements. We determine that TOI-216c is a warm Jupiter, TOI-216b is an eccentric warm Neptune, and that they librate in 2:1 resonance with a moderate libration amplitude of 60 - + 2 2 deg, a small but significant free eccentricity of 0.0222 - + 0.0003 0.0005 for TOI-216b, and a small but significant mutual inclination of 1°.2–3°.9 (95% confidence interval). The libration amplitude, free eccentricity, and mutual inclination imply a disturbance of TOI-216b before or after resonance capture, perhaps by an undetected third planet.

AB - TOI-216 hosts a pair of warm, large exoplanets discovered by the TESS mission. These planets were found to be in or near the 2:1 resonance, and both of them exhibit transit timing variations (TTVs). Precise characterization of the planets’ masses and radii, orbital properties, and resonant behavior can test theories for the origins of planets orbiting close to their stars. Previous characterization of the system using the first six sectors of TESS data suffered from a degeneracy between planet mass and orbital eccentricity. Radial-velocity measurements using HARPS, FEROS, and the Planet Finder Spectrograph break that degeneracy, and an expanded TTV baseline from TESS and an ongoing ground-based transit observing campaign increase the precision of the mass and eccentricity measurements. We determine that TOI-216c is a warm Jupiter, TOI-216b is an eccentric warm Neptune, and that they librate in 2:1 resonance with a moderate libration amplitude of 60 - + 2 2 deg, a small but significant free eccentricity of 0.0222 - + 0.0003 0.0005 for TOI-216b, and a small but significant mutual inclination of 1°.2–3°.9 (95% confidence interval). The libration amplitude, free eccentricity, and mutual inclination imply a disturbance of TOI-216b before or after resonance capture, perhaps by an undetected third planet.

KW - exoplanet astronomy

KW - exoplanet dynamics

KW - transit timing variation method

KW - radial velocity

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U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/abd8d0

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/abd8d0

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 161

JO - The Astronomical Journal

JF - The Astronomical Journal

IS - 4

M1 - abd8d0

ER -

Precise transit and radial-velocity characterization of a resonant pair: The warm Jupiter TOI-216c and eccentric warm Neptune TOI-216b

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