Potential mechanisms underpinning the nutritional modulation of periodontal inflammation

Research output: Contribution to journalReview article

74 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis results from an inappropriate host response to pathogenic biofilms. Because traditional management approaches have failed to reduce disease prevalence, the research focus has shifted toward managing host-mediated inflammation. In this article, the author reviews the role of nutrition in the development and resolution of inflammation. METHODS: The author reviewed the biomedical literature to elucidate mechanisms by which dietary factors affect inflammatory processes and to establish what evidence exists for macronutritional and micronutritional modulation of inflammation at a cellular and molecular level. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperinflammation characterizes the periodontitis phenotype, and oxidative stress is a key orchestration point for the diverse signaling pathways, which control inflammation. Oxidative stress is modulated by diet, as well as by infection. Recent research has demonstrated that subtle shifts in nutritional status are associated independently with the prevalence of periodontitis. Moreover, the results of contemporary animal and human studies have demonstrated the role of specific micronutrients in the modulation of the host's inflammatory response by reducing inflammatory biomarkers and bone loss. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The scientific community is starting to realize the health benefits of diets containing foods naturally rich in antioxidants and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as the dangers of diets that are high in refined carbohydrates. Nutritional intervention studies in patients with inflammatory periodontitis are needed to evaluate the effect of nutritional approaches to periodontal management.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)178-84
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of the American Dental Association
Volume140
Issue number2
Publication statusPublished - 1 Feb 2009

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • antioxidants
  • periodontitis
  • glucose
  • fats
  • carbohydrates
  • gene expression
  • polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • oxidative stress
  • Inflammation

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Potential mechanisms underpinning the nutritional modulation of periodontal inflammation'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this