Perceptions and Experiences of Co-Produced Positive Behaviour Support Training in Community-Based Services and Organisations for Children With Intellectual Disabilities and Behaviours That Challenge: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Design

Rinita Dam; Nicholas Manktelow; Jill Bradshaw; Paul A. Thompson; Nick Gore; Vivien Cooper; Gemma Grant; David Gillespie; Elizabeth-Ann Schroeder; Peter E. Langdon; Ashley Liew; Mark Lovell; Stavros Petrou; Caroline Richards; Richard P. Hastings; Kate Seers

doi:10.1111/jar.70203

Perceptions and Experiences of Co-Produced Positive Behaviour Support Training in Community-Based Services and Organisations for Children With Intellectual Disabilities and Behaviours That Challenge: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Design

Rinita Dam^*
, Nicholas Manktelow
, Jill Bradshaw
, Paul A. Thompson
, Nick Gore
, Vivien Cooper
, Gemma Grant
, David Gillespie
, Elizabeth-Ann Schroeder
, Peter E. Langdon
, Ashley Liew
, Mark Lovell
, Stavros Petrou
, Caroline Richards
, Richard P. Hastings
, Kate Seers

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Background
Children with intellectual disabilities can display behaviours that challenge, often associated with poor outcomes. Despite national policy commitment to co-production, little evidence is available on how such services deliver co-produced activity.

Methods
Qualitative data were collected from three services that reported co-producing Positive Behaviour Support introductory workshops. Participants' experiences and perceptions of these workshops were described through individual semi-structured interviews conducted with staff and family carers (n = 24) and analysed using a Framework approach.

Results
Two main themes were represented in the initial framework. Positives of Co-production included the advantages of obtaining and combining theoretical and practical knowledge, including personal and professional development for those delivering the intervention. Challenges to Implementation included the time and effort required to build a collaborative way of working, barriers to organisational support and family carers' history with services.

Conclusions
Support, funding and resources need to be made available and protected to make co-production activities meaningful

Original language	English
Article number	e70203
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities
Volume	39
Issue number	2
Early online date	27 Feb 2026
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70203
Publication status	Published - Mar 2026

Bibliographical note

Keywords

behaviours that challenge
case studies
challenging behaviour
children
co-production
community organisations
families
intellectual disabilities
learning disabilities
positive behaviour support (PBS)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Education
Developmental and Educational Psychology

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Mapping and Evaluating Services for Children with Learning Disabilities and Behaviours that Challenge (MELD)
Langdon, P. (Co-Investigator), Richards, C. (Co-Investigator) & Hastings, R. (Principal Investigator)
NIHR EVALUATION, TRIALS AND STUDIES COORDINATING CENTRE
1/11/20 → 31/07/26
Project: Other Government Departments

Cite this

Dam, R., Manktelow, N., Bradshaw, J., Thompson, P. A., Gore, N., Cooper, V., Grant, G., Gillespie, D., Schroeder, E.-A., Langdon, P. E., Liew, A., Lovell, M., Petrou, S., Richards, C., Hastings, R. P., & Seers, K. (2026). Perceptions and Experiences of Co-Produced Positive Behaviour Support Training in Community-Based Services and Organisations for Children With Intellectual Disabilities and Behaviours That Challenge: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Design. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 39(2), Article e70203. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70203

Dam, Rinita ; Manktelow, Nicholas ; Bradshaw, Jill et al. / Perceptions and Experiences of Co-Produced Positive Behaviour Support Training in Community-Based Services and Organisations for Children With Intellectual Disabilities and Behaviours That Challenge : A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Design. In: Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2026 ; Vol. 39, No. 2.

@article{48c212f1298f4982b362c03696c1f205,

title = "Perceptions and Experiences of Co-Produced Positive Behaviour Support Training in Community-Based Services and Organisations for Children With Intellectual Disabilities and Behaviours That Challenge: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Design",

abstract = "Background Children with intellectual disabilities can display behaviours that challenge, often associated with poor outcomes. Despite national policy commitment to co-production, little evidence is available on how such services deliver co-produced activity. Methods Qualitative data were collected from three services that reported co-producing Positive Behaviour Support introductory workshops. Participants' experiences and perceptions of these workshops were described through individual semi-structured interviews conducted with staff and family carers (n = 24) and analysed using a Framework approach. Results Two main themes were represented in the initial framework. Positives of Co-production included the advantages of obtaining and combining theoretical and practical knowledge, including personal and professional development for those delivering the intervention. Challenges to Implementation included the time and effort required to build a collaborative way of working, barriers to organisational support and family carers' history with services. Conclusions Support, funding and resources need to be made available and protected to make co-production activities meaningful",

keywords = "behaviours that challenge, case studies, challenging behaviour, children, co-production, community organisations, families, intellectual disabilities, learning disabilities, positive behaviour support (PBS)",

author = "Rinita Dam and Nicholas Manktelow and Jill Bradshaw and Thompson, \{Paul A.\} and Nick Gore and Vivien Cooper and Gemma Grant and David Gillespie and Elizabeth-Ann Schroeder and Langdon, \{Peter E.\} and Ashley Liew and Mark Lovell and Stavros Petrou and Caroline Richards and Hastings, \{Richard P.\} and Kate Seers",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2026 John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.",

year = "2026",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1111/jar.70203",

language = "English",

volume = "39",

journal = "Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities",

issn = "1360-2322",

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Dam, R, Manktelow, N , Bradshaw, J , Thompson, PA , Gore, N, Cooper, V, Grant, G, Gillespie, D, Schroeder, E-A, Langdon, PE, Liew, A, Lovell, M, Petrou, S, Richards, C , Hastings, RP & Seers, K 2026, 'Perceptions and Experiences of Co-Produced Positive Behaviour Support Training in Community-Based Services and Organisations for Children With Intellectual Disabilities and Behaviours That Challenge: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Design', Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, vol. 39, no. 2, e70203. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70203

Perceptions and Experiences of Co-Produced Positive Behaviour Support Training in Community-Based Services and Organisations for Children With Intellectual Disabilities and Behaviours That Challenge: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Design. / Dam, Rinita; Manktelow, Nicholas ; Bradshaw, Jill et al.
In: Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, Vol. 39, No. 2, e70203, 03.2026.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Perceptions and Experiences of Co-Produced Positive Behaviour Support Training in Community-Based Services and Organisations for Children With Intellectual Disabilities and Behaviours That Challenge

T2 - A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Design

AU - Dam, Rinita

AU - Manktelow, Nicholas

AU - Bradshaw, Jill

AU - Thompson, Paul A.

AU - Gore, Nick

AU - Cooper, Vivien

AU - Grant, Gemma

AU - Gillespie, David

AU - Schroeder, Elizabeth-Ann

AU - Langdon, Peter E.

AU - Liew, Ashley

AU - Lovell, Mark

AU - Petrou, Stavros

AU - Richards, Caroline

AU - Hastings, Richard P.

AU - Seers, Kate

PY - 2026/3

Y1 - 2026/3

N2 - Background Children with intellectual disabilities can display behaviours that challenge, often associated with poor outcomes. Despite national policy commitment to co-production, little evidence is available on how such services deliver co-produced activity. Methods Qualitative data were collected from three services that reported co-producing Positive Behaviour Support introductory workshops. Participants' experiences and perceptions of these workshops were described through individual semi-structured interviews conducted with staff and family carers (n = 24) and analysed using a Framework approach. Results Two main themes were represented in the initial framework. Positives of Co-production included the advantages of obtaining and combining theoretical and practical knowledge, including personal and professional development for those delivering the intervention. Challenges to Implementation included the time and effort required to build a collaborative way of working, barriers to organisational support and family carers' history with services. Conclusions Support, funding and resources need to be made available and protected to make co-production activities meaningful

AB - Background Children with intellectual disabilities can display behaviours that challenge, often associated with poor outcomes. Despite national policy commitment to co-production, little evidence is available on how such services deliver co-produced activity. Methods Qualitative data were collected from three services that reported co-producing Positive Behaviour Support introductory workshops. Participants' experiences and perceptions of these workshops were described through individual semi-structured interviews conducted with staff and family carers (n = 24) and analysed using a Framework approach. Results Two main themes were represented in the initial framework. Positives of Co-production included the advantages of obtaining and combining theoretical and practical knowledge, including personal and professional development for those delivering the intervention. Challenges to Implementation included the time and effort required to build a collaborative way of working, barriers to organisational support and family carers' history with services. Conclusions Support, funding and resources need to be made available and protected to make co-production activities meaningful

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KW - co-production

KW - community organisations

KW - families

KW - intellectual disabilities

KW - learning disabilities

KW - positive behaviour support (PBS)

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105031523738

U2 - 10.1111/jar.70203

DO - 10.1111/jar.70203

M3 - Article

C2 - 41760086

AN - SCOPUS:105031523738

SN - 1360-2322

VL - 39

JO - Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities

JF - Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities

IS - 2

M1 - e70203

ER -

Dam R, Manktelow N , Bradshaw J , Thompson PA , Gore N, Cooper V et al. Perceptions and Experiences of Co-Produced Positive Behaviour Support Training in Community-Based Services and Organisations for Children With Intellectual Disabilities and Behaviours That Challenge: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Design. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2026 Mar;39(2):e70203. Epub 2026 Feb 27. doi: 10.1111/jar.70203

Perceptions and Experiences of Co-Produced Positive Behaviour Support Training in Community-Based Services and Organisations for Children With Intellectual Disabilities and Behaviours That Challenge: A Qualitative Multiple Case Study Design

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Projects

Mapping and Evaluating Services for Children with Learning Disabilities and Behaviours that Challenge (MELD)

Cite this