Opinion: The red-light response of stomatal movement is sensed by the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain

Guard cells regulate CO₂ uptake and water loss of a leaf by controlling stomatal movement in response to environmental factors such as CO_2, humidity, and light. The mechanisms by which stomata respond to red light are actively debated in the literature, and even after decades of research it is still controversial whether stomatal movement is related to photosynthesis or not. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the red-light response of stomata. A comparison of published evidence suggests that stomatal movement is controlled by the redox state of photosynthetic electron transport chain components, in particular the redox state of plastoquinone. Potential consequences for the modeling of stomatal conductance are discussed.