Offshore wind potential in Northern Ireland using GIS multi-criteria assessment

Northern Ireland aims to achieve 1 GW of offshore wind power by 2030 to reduce energy carbon intensity. However, the region faces challenges hindering offshore wind development, including political and geographical constraints. This study investigates these challenges and opportunities, focusing on the technical and innovative aspects of offshore wind deployment in Northern Ireland. Methodologically, the study employs advanced spatial analysis techniques to assess water depths, vessel density, seabed substrate, and wind resource estimation. It also conducts a multi-criteria analysis to integrate various parameters and identify optimal locations for different turbine foundation types. By analyzing the regions 6500 km² sea area, this research identifies significant depth and spatial constraints due to marine conservation legislation, shipping, and fishing activities. Despite these obstacles, the study unveils promising prospects for offshore wind generation, with potential capacities exceeding 1 GW for fixed-bottom installations and far larger capacities for floating offshore wind projects across multiple areas. Furthermore, the analysis underscores the complexity of offshore wind project development in Northern Ireland, highlighting the necessity for innovative solutions and strategic site selection to navigate environmental, economic, and social challenges effectively. Northern Ireland exhibits notable potential for offshore wind energy development, particularly through the adoption of floating foundations, which are better suited to the region's deep-water conditions.