Off-shore biopolitical border security: The eu’s global response to migration, piracy, and ‘risky’ subjects

The global projection of the borders of the European Union (EU), across land, sea, air, and cyberspace, demands fresh critical reflection on the limits between Europe’ and the world’. In recent years the response to the perceived threats of migration, piracy, and risky’ subjects overseas has created opportunities for the EU to develop itself as a global geopolitical actor. This chapter explains the Adam Levy’s analysis by highlighting some other efforts to govern the mobility of people, services, and goods into Member States via off-shore biopolitical border security practices as a way of analysing the evolving role of the EU as a global geopolitical actor. The off-shore activities of Frontex in Africa illustrate how efforts to govern the movement of people into the EU take place not only at the extremities’ of Member States’ territory, but also in the domestic’ space of non-European states.