Numerical modeling of salt crystallization in masonry

Amin Nazerigivi*, Bahman Ghiassi, Graça Vasconcelos, Amélia Dionísio

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

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Abstract

Salt decay is widely recognized as one of the most common mechanisms for the deterioration of building materials in monuments, sculptures, and civil structures. Understanding how salt crystallization affects the integrity of historic structures is therefore essential. Numerical tools can be used for this purpose and for estimating the damage induced by salt crystallization; however, there is still a lack of standardized procedures for accurate simulation of this degradation mechanism. In this study, we critically review existing numerical models to identify their advantages and limitations. The considered primary balance equations, variable factors, constitutive laws, assumptions, test procedures, and boundary conditions are investigated in more detail to highlight essential features. This paper describes that numerical models are generally developed based on several simplifying presumptions, such as isothermal conditions, constant boundary conditions, and the presence of only one type of salt. The impact of hydraulic interface resistances in masonry assemblies of units and joints on the numerical analysis of salt crystallization remains unclear. Despite a general understanding of the mathematical problem, several challenges persist regarding the development of constitutive laws for salt mixtures. A more accurate and reliable predictive simulation for salt decay in masonry can be developed by addressing the open issues discussed in this paper.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)143-156
Number of pages14
JournalJournal of Cultural Heritage
Volume70
Early online date23 Sept 2024
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Nov 2024

Keywords

  • Masonry
  • Salt crystallization
  • Deterioration mechanisms
  • Numerical approaches
  • Multiphase simulation

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