Non-resolving periapical inflammation: a malignant deception

P>Aim To report a case of oral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a delayed diagnosis. Summary Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the oral cavity is an uncommon but important condition. Early diagnosis is complicated when the presenting signs and symptoms are similar to those of odontogenic infections. This report describes the case of a 38-year-old female patient who presented to her dentist complaining of pain in her upper jaw. Subsequent dental treatment, including extraction, root canal treatment and apicectomy including biopsy were carried out by the patient's dentist and local dental hospital. Nine months elapsed before a more extensive surgical exploration established a diagnosis of lymphoma. Key learning points To appreciate the importance of recognizing discrepancies between the clinical scenario and histopathological findings. To appreciate subtle radiographic changes that may accompany malignant disease of the jaw bones. To appreciate the need for early referral when a patient's symptoms do not satisfactorily respond to conventional dental therapies. To appreciate lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of non-healing periapical inflammation and non-healing socket.