TY - JOUR
T1 - Non-animal models of epithelial barriers (skin, intestine and lung) in research, industrial applications and regulatory toxicology
AU - Gordon, Sarah
AU - Daneshian, Mardas
AU - Bouwstra, Joke
AU - Caloni, Francesca
AU - Constant, Samuel
AU - Davies, Donna E.
AU - Dandekar, Gudrun
AU - Guzman, Carlos A.
AU - Fabian, Eric
AU - Haltner, Eleonore
AU - Hartung, Thomas
AU - Hasiwa, Nina
AU - Hayden, Patrick J
AU - Kandarova, Helena
AU - Khare, Sangeeta
AU - Krug, Harald F
AU - Kneuer, Carsten
AU - Leist, Marcel
AU - Lian, Guoping
AU - Marx, Uwe
AU - Metzger, Marco
AU - Ott, Katharina
AU - Prieto, Pilar
AU - Roberts, Michael Symmons
AU - Roggen, Erwin L.
AU - Tralau, Tewes
AU - Van Den Braak, Claudia
AU - Walles, Heike
AU - Lehr, Claus Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
D. E. Davies is supported by grants from Medical Research Council (UK), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, British Lung Foundation, Asthma, Allergy and Inflammation Research (AAIR) Charity, National Centre for Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) and National Institute for Health Research (UK).
PY - 2015/11/1
Y1 - 2015/11/1
N2 - Models of the outer epithelia of the human body - namely the skin, the intestine and the lung - have found valid applications in both research and industrial settings as attractive alternatives to animal testing. A variety of approaches to model these barriers are currently employed in such fields, ranging from the utilization of ex vivo tissue to reconstructed in vitro models, and further to chip-based technologies, synthetic membrane systems and, of increasing current interest, in silico modeling approaches. An international group of experts in the field of epithelial barriers was convened from academia, industry and regulatory bodies to present both the current state of the art of non-animal models of the skin, intestinal and pulmonary barriers in their various felds of application, and to discuss research-based, industry-driven and regulatory-relevant future directions for both the development of new models and the refinement of existing test methods. Issues of model relevance and preference, validation and standardization, acceptance, and the need for simplicity versus complexity were focal themes of the discussions. The outcomes of workshop presentations and discussions, in relation to both current status and future directions in the utilization and development of epithelial barrier models, are presented by the attending experts in the current report.
AB - Models of the outer epithelia of the human body - namely the skin, the intestine and the lung - have found valid applications in both research and industrial settings as attractive alternatives to animal testing. A variety of approaches to model these barriers are currently employed in such fields, ranging from the utilization of ex vivo tissue to reconstructed in vitro models, and further to chip-based technologies, synthetic membrane systems and, of increasing current interest, in silico modeling approaches. An international group of experts in the field of epithelial barriers was convened from academia, industry and regulatory bodies to present both the current state of the art of non-animal models of the skin, intestinal and pulmonary barriers in their various felds of application, and to discuss research-based, industry-driven and regulatory-relevant future directions for both the development of new models and the refinement of existing test methods. Issues of model relevance and preference, validation and standardization, acceptance, and the need for simplicity versus complexity were focal themes of the discussions. The outcomes of workshop presentations and discussions, in relation to both current status and future directions in the utilization and development of epithelial barrier models, are presented by the attending experts in the current report.
KW - Cytotoxicity
KW - Epithelial cell culture
KW - In vitro models
KW - Permeability
KW - Transport studies
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84976907426&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.14573/altex.1510051
DO - 10.14573/altex.1510051
M3 - Article
C2 - 26536291
AN - SCOPUS:84976907426
SN - 1868-596X
VL - 32
SP - 327
EP - 378
JO - Altex
JF - Altex
IS - 4
ER -