Na2.4Al0.4Mn2.6O7 anionic redox cathode material for sodium-ion batteries – a combined experimental and theoretical approach to elucidate its charge storage mechanism

Cindy Soares, Begoña Silván, Yong-Seok Choi, Veronica Celorrio, Valerie R. Seymour, Giannantonio Cibin, John M. Griffin, David O. Scanlon, Nuria Tapia-Ruiz*

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Here we report the synthesis via ceramic methods of the high-performance Mn-rich Na2.4Al0.4Mn2.6O7 oxygen-redox cathode material for Na-ion batteries, which we use as a testbed material to study the effects of Al substitution and subsequent Na excess in the high-capacity, anionic redox-based cathode material, Na2Mn3O7. The material shows a stable electrochemical performance, with a specific capacity of 215 mA h g−1 in the 1.5–4.7 V voltage range at C/20 and a capacity retention of 90% after 40 cycles. Using a combination of electrochemical and structural analysis together with hybrid density functional theory calculations we explain the behaviour of this material with changes in Mn/anionic redox reactions and associated O2 release reactions occurring during electrochemical cycling (Na+ ion insertion/extraction), and compare these findings to Na2Mn3O7. We expect that these results will advance understanding of the effect of dopants in Mn-rich cathode materials with oxygen redox activity to pave their way towards high-performance sodium-ion batteries.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)7341-7356
Number of pages16
JournalJournal of Materials Chemistry A
Volume10
Issue number13
Early online date16 Dec 2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 7 Apr 2022

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgments:
NTR would like to thank Lancaster University, the Royal Society (RG170150) and the Faraday Institution (FIRG018) for financial support. We acknowledge the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) for access to B18 beamtime at the Diamond Light Source (SP21847). YC and DOS are grateful to the Faraday Institution for funding the MICHAEL computing cluster hosted at University College London (UCL). The calculations have been also carried out on the Myriad (Myriad@UCL), Young (Young@UCL), and Kathleen (Kathleen@UCL) High Performance Computing Facility provisioned by UCL. Via our membership of the UKs HEC Materials Chemistry Consortium, which is funded by EPSRC (EP/L000202, EP/R029431), this work used the ARCHER UK National Supercomputing Service (http://www.archer.ac.uk). We are also grateful to the UK Materials and Molecular Modelling Hub for computational resources, which is partially funded by EPSRC (EP/P020194/1 and EP/T022213/1).

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