Multi-scale response of the high-latitude topside ionosphere to geospace forcing

We investigate the response of the topside ionosphere, auroral and polar sectors, to the forcing of the geospace during September 2017. Specifically, we aim at characterizing such a response in terms of the involved spatial scales and of their intensification during the different auroral and polar cap activity conditions experienced in the selected month, that is characterized by severe geomagnetic storm conditions. For our purposes, we leverage on and compare various in situ plasma density data products provided by the Swarm constellation of the European Space Agency (ESA). The spatio-temporal variability of the involved scales in the plasma density observation is featured through the application of the Fast Iterative Filtering (FIF) signal decomposition technique and, for the first time in the ionospheric field, of a FIF-derived dynamical spectrum called “IMFogram”. The instantaneous time-frequency representation provided through the IMFogram illustrates the time development of the multi-scale processes with spatial and temporal resolutions higher than those obtained with traditional signal processing techniques. To demonstrate this, the IMFogram is tested against Fast Fourier and Continuous Wavelet Transforms. With our fine characterization, we highlight how scale cascading and intensification processes in the plasma density observations follow the ionospheric currents activity, as depicted through the auroral activity and polar cap indices, and through the field-aligned currents data product provided by Swarm. This work is performed in the framework of the Swarm Variability of Ionospheric Plasma (Swarm-VIP) project, funded by ESA in the “Swarm+4D-Ionosphere” framework (ESA Contract No. 4000130562/20/I-DT).