Multi-omic spatial profiling reveals the unique virus-driven immune landscape of COVID-19 placentitis

Matthew Pugh, Eanna Fennell, Ciara I Leahy, Tracey Perry, Beata Hargitai, Tamas Marton, Kelly Hunter, Graham Halford, Hale Onder Yilmaz, Zania Stamataki, Gary Reynolds, Harriet J. Hill, Benjamin E. Willcox, Neil Steven, Catherine A Thornton, Stefan D. Dojcinov, Aedin Culhane, Paul G. Murray, Graham S. Taylor

Research output: Working paper/PreprintPreprint

Abstract

COVID-19 placentitis, a rare complication of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, only shows detectable virus in the placenta of a subset of cases. We provide a deep multi-omic spatial characterisation of placentitis from obstetrically complicated maternal COVID-19 infection. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infected placentas have a distinct transcriptional and immunopathological signature. This signature overlaps with virus-negative cases supporting a common viral aetiology. An inverse correlation between viral load and disease duration suggests viral clearance over time. Quantitative spatial analyses revealed a unique microenvironment surrounding virus-infected trophoblasts characterised by PDL1-expressing macrophages, T-cell exclusion, and interferon blunting. In contrast to uninfected mothers, ACE2 was localised to the maternal side of the placental trophoblast layer of almost all mothers with placental SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may explain variable susceptibility to placental infection. Our results demonstrate a pivotal role for direct placental SARS-CoV-2 infection in driving the unique immunopathology of COVID-19 placentitis.
Original languageEnglish
PublisherbioRxiv
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 14 Nov 2022

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