Microwave assisted synthesis of V-doped Co₃O₄/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure for simultaneous electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid and Dopamine

This study reported the vanadium-doped cobalt oxide and graphitic carbon nitride heterostructure by microwave-assisted method and its applications for electrochemically detecting ascorbic acid and Dopamine. SEM and BET analysis confirm the porous cobalt morphology with an enlarged surface area, enhancing the composite's electrocatalytic properties. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that the modified electrode has better electron transportation ability, and adding g-C₃N₄ enhances the electrochemical activity. Moreover, comparative analysis between the modified and bare electrodes revealed that our prepared material exhibited excellent biosensing capabilities for both AA and DA. Experimental results demonstrated that both sensors displayed strong sensing abilities, low detection limits (LOD), excellent stability, and selectivity for both analytes with the coexistence of Citric Acid KCl, Glucose, and Uric Acid. The simultaneous detection was conducted for AA and DA with a wide linear working range for AA of 1 mM–10 mM with a low detection limit of 12.6 µM and for DA (0.5 mM–3 mM) 0.65 µM, respectively. Consequently, the fabricated electrode demonstrates a novel and straightforward technique for biosensing employing DA and AA trials.